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Atomic Structure > Radioactive Decay > Flashcards

Radioactive Decay Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four types of radiation

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutron

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2
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

A helium nucleus

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3
Q

What are the sub-atomic particles in the alpha particle?

A

Two neutrons + Two protons

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4
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

A high-speed electron which has been ejected from the nucleus as nuetron turns into a proton

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

What is Gamma radiation?

A

A electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus

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7
Q

What is the charge of an alpha particle?

A

2+

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8
Q

What is the charge of a beta particle?

A

1-

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9
Q

What is the charge of gamma radiation?

A

No charge

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10
Q

What does it mean for radiation to be ionising?

A

When the radiation collides with an atom causing the atom to lose an electron and form an ion

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11
Q

What is the ionising power of alpha particles?

A

Strongly ionising

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12
Q

What is the ionising power of beta particles?

A

Quite strongly ionising

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13
Q

What is the ionising power of Gamma radiation?

A

Weakly ionising

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14
Q

What is the penetrating power of alpha radiation

A

Weakly penetrating
Is stopped by a single sheet of paper

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15
Q

What is the penetrating power of beta radiation?

A

Quite penetrating
Is stopped by a few milimetres of aluminium

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16
Q

What is the penetrating power of gamma radiation?

A

Highly penetrating

Is stopped by several centimetres of lead

17
Q

What is activity?

A

The rate at which the source of unstable nuclei decays

18
Q

What is the unit for activity?

A

Bq (Becquerels)

19
Q

What is count-rate?

A

The number of decays recorded per second by a detector

20
Q

Why is the count-rate not the same as activity?

A

The count-rate takes backround radiation into account

21
Q

What are the sub-atomic particles in neutron radiation

A

1 neutron, no protons
mass number= 1, atomic number= 0

22
Q

What is the range in air of alpha particles?

A

5 cm

23
Q

What is the range in air of beta particles?

A

15cm

24
Q

What is the range in air of gamma radiation?

A

Several metres

25
Q

What is the symbol for the alpha particle?

As in what is shown on the periodic table

A

4He2

26
Q

What is the symbol for the beta particle?

A

0e-1

27
Q

What is the symbol for the neutron particle?

A

1n0

28
Q

What happens to the mass number of a particle emiting alpha radiation?

A

It decreases by 4

29
Q

What happens to the atomic number of a particle emiting alpha radiation?

A

It decreases by 2

30
Q

What happens to the mass number of a particle emiting beta radiation?

A

It stays the same

31
Q

What happens to the atomic number of a particle emiting beta radiation?

A

It increases by 1

32
Q

What happens to the mass number of a particle emiting gamma radiation?

A

It stays the same

33
Q

What happens to the atomic number of a particle emiting alpha radiation?

A

It stays the same

34
Q

What happens to the mass number of a particle emiting neutron radiation?

A

It decreases by one

35
Q

What happens to the atomic number of a particle emiting neutron radiation?

A

It stays the same

Atomic Structure (7 decks)

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