Radio Navigation Flashcards
VOR stands for?
(Very High frequency Omni-directional Range)
VOR perates in VHF range on frequencies _______________ to ___________
108.00Mhz – 117.95Mhz
____________ transmits radio beams or radials outward in every direction.
VOR ground station
VOR Station transmits infinite numbers of radials, since VOR is considered to be accurate to within 1 degree, __________ are used.
360 radials
VOR and their radials are depicted on sectional charts with circles, graduated in degrees called ____________.
compass roses.
Symbols of Different Kinds of VOR
(CHECK SA PPT)
VOR, VORTAC, VOR/DME
Used by military aircrafts to give the pilot both distance and direction from the ——— station on the ground.
TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation )
TACAN operates in ______ frequencies
Ultra High Frequencies
A collocated VOR and military navigation aid.
VORTAC
The equipment used in civilian aircraft and is A pulse type navigation system that shows the pilot, by an instrument panel indication, the number of nautical miles(NM), between the aircraft and ground station.
DME ( Distance measuring Equipment)
Airborne Equipments
- VOR Antenna
- Receiver
3A. VOR Indicator
3B. DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
3C. ADF (Automatic Directional Finder)
Parts of VOR Indicator:
– Needle indicates whether you are on your selected course.
CDI (Course Deviation Indicator)
Parts of VOR Indicator:
– Indicates whether your selected course will take you to or from the station
TO-FROM Indicator
Parts of VOR Indicator:
– Used to choose a course or radial by setting it next to the course index.
OBS (Omni Bearing Selector)
Parts of VOR Indicator:
– Where your selected course is placed
Course Index
Parts of VOR Indicator:
– The reciprocal or the 180 degrees of the course index.
Reciprocal Course Heading
Parts of VOR Indicator:
– Shows you how far you are of course with 2 degree each dot.
Course Deviation Scale
Provides Distance information in nautical miles and measures _________.
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), slant range error
Slant range error is greatest when you are at a ________.
high altitude and close to the station
The airborne DME equipment consist of a ______ and ________.
transceiver and “shark fin” antenna
An airplane’s ___________ uses frequencies from 1,025 to 1,150MHz.
DME interrogator
A ground based station for the ADF that transmits on a given frequency in low to medium frequency band between 190 - 1750 khz
NDB (Non-Directional Beacon)
The NDB Advantages are Does not rely on __________ principle and travels on curvature of the earth.
line of sight,
NDB Disadvantages:
The ___________ Effect Causes needle of the ADF to be deflected towards a nearby electric storm.
Thunderstorm Effect
NDB Disadvantages:
The ___________ Effect: NDB signals are refracted by the ionosphere returning to earth as a strong sky wave causing interference with normal NDB signals, resulting to a fading signal.
.
Twilight Effect
NDB Disadvantages:
NDB transmitting on similar frequencies and is Significant at night
Interference from other NDB station
NDB Disadvantages:
The ___________ Effect: NDB signal are reflected by the metals present in the ______
mountain effect
NDB Disadvantages:
The ___________ Effect: NDB signal bending slightly toward the coastline when crossing at an angle.
Coastal effect
The airborne partner of the Non Directional Beacon and Operates on radio compass principle whereby the ADF needle always points towards the NDB station
ADF (Automatic Directional Finder)
the ADF Receiver Antenna System
Receives the radio signals in the low to medium frequency band of ___________
190 Khz. to 1750 Khz.
A Type of ADF Indicator in which 0° is always straight up the nose of the aircraft
*Magnetic Bearing = Relative Bearing + Magnetic Heading
Fixed Card
A Type of ADF Indicator in which The pilot can rotate the compass card with heading knob.
Rotatable Card
