Avionics Flashcards
The primary function of an aircraft electrical system is to ____, _____, ____ throughout the aircraft.
to generate, regulate, and distribute electrical power
Sources on aircraft to power the aircraft electrical systems. These power sources include: ________ .
engine-driven alternating current (AC) generators, auxiliary power units (APUs), and external power
The aircraft’s electrical power system is used to operate the
flight instruments, essential systems, such as anti-icing, and passenger services, such as cabin lighting
Direct Current (DC):
Alternating Current (AC):
battery, generator, transformer-rectifier
generator, inverter
Most aircraft are equipped with either a ___- or a ___- volt direct current electrical system
14 or 28
Systems that uses Electronics
Communications
Navigation
Monitoring
Aircraft flight-control system
Fuel Systems
Collision-avoidance systems
Flight recorders
Weather systems
Aircraft management systems
ØAvionics equipment on a modern military or civil aircraft can account for around ____% of the total cost of the aircraft.
40% in the case of a _______ and 75% of the total cost in the case of an __________
30%, Helicopter, airborne early warning aircraft (AWACS).
Modern general aviation aircraft also have a significant avionics content – __________
colour head down displays, GPS satellite navigation systems, radio communications equipment.
It provides the visual interface between the pilot and the aircraft systems
Display System
can project the display information into the pilot’s field of view so that the pilot can be head up and can concentrate on the outside world.
HUD and HMD
can also display a FLIR (Forward Looking Infrared) video picture.
HUD (Heads Up Display)
enables the pilot to be presented with information while looking in any direction, as opposed to the limited forward field of view of the HUD.
The HMD (Helmets Mounted display)
provide the primary flight displays (PFDs) of height, airspeed, Mach number, vertical speed, artificial horizon, pitch angle, bank angle and heading, velocity vector and also engine data
Multi-function colour displays (HDD) Heads down display
Essential for air traffic control
Communication Systems
The first avionic system –
radio transmitter and receiver equipment.
World Wide Communication
Sattelite Communication (SATCOM)
Air data systems and the inertial sensor systems
Aircraft State Sytems
provide accurate information on the air data quantities (the altitude, calibrated airspeed, vertical speed, true airspeed, Mach number, etc). This information is essential for the control and navigation of the aircraft.
Air Data Systems
provide the information on aircraft attitude and the direction in which it is heading which is essential information for the pilot in executing a manoeuvre or flying in conditions of poor visibility, flying in clouds or at night
The Inertial Sensor Systems
Inertial Sensors –
Gyroscopes (measures angular rotation) and Accelerometers (measures linear acceleration), Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS)
– determination of position and velocity of a vehicle with respect to a reference.
Navigation
– Inertial Navigation, Doppler Navigation
Dead reckoning navigation
.
– VOR, DME, ADF, LORAN, etc.Satellite Navigation – GPS, GLONASS.
Radio Navigation
– Instrument Landing System, Microwave Landing System
Approach guidance
ØThese comprise the systems which reduce the crew workload and enable minimum crew operation by automating and managing as many tasks as appropriate so that the crew role is a supervisory management one.
Task Automation System
– It comprises the operation of all the radio navigation aid systems and the combination of the data from all the navigation sources to provide the best possible estimate of the aircraft position, ground speed
Navigation Management
Flight Management Systems
•Flight planning.
•Navigation management.
•Engine control to maintain the planned speed or Mach number.
•Control of the aircraft flight path to follow the optimised planned route.
•Control of the vertical flight profile.
•Ensuring the aircraft is at the planned 3D position at the planned time slot; often referred to as 4D navigation.
•Flight envelope monitoring.
•Minimising fuel consumption.
It carry out the task of control and the efficient management and monitoring of the engines.
Engine Control and Management System
automatically controls the flow of fuel to the engine combustion chambers by the fuel control unit so as to provide a closed-loop control of engine thrust in response to the throttle command.
FADEC
System that ensures the engine limits in terms of temperatures, engine speeds and accelerations are not exceeded and the engine responds in an optimum manner to the throttle command.
The control system
House Keeping Management System
Fuel management.
Electrical power supply system management.
Hydraulic power supply system management.
Cabin/cockpit pressurization systems.
Environmental control system.
Warning systems.
Maintenance and monitoring systems
Major “ilities” of Avionics
Capability.
Reliability.
Maintainability.
Availability.
Certificability.
Survivability (military).
Susceptibility.
Vulnerability.
Weight and power.
