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ATPL > Radio Nav > Flashcards

Radio Nav Flashcards

1
Q

GPS, Selective Availability, how does this affect,the navigation accuracy

A

It degrades position accuracy by manipulating satellite signals

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2
Q

EGNOS is ground or satellite based augmentation?

A

Satellite

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3
Q

Is aircraft height limiting for the reception of signals from the NDB

A

No, NDBs use Surface Wave as their primary means of propagation and therefore aircraft height is not limiting for the reception of signals.

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4
Q

The orbital planes of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS are inclined ?? degress to ??

A

Inclined 55° to the equatorial plane

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5
Q

Distance between actual position and Great Circle Track between active waypoints is known as?

A

XTK-distance

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6
Q

Outer Marker of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) facility transmits on a frequency of?

A

75 MHz (modulated by morse at two dashes per second)

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7
Q

ILS marker beacon operates in which freq band

A

VHF

All Marker Beacons transmit on a VHF 75 MHz carrier wave

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8
Q

Doppler VOR (DVOR) utilises a Frequency Modulated (FM) signal or amplitude modulated signal.

A

FM (Conventional VOR (CVOR) utilises an Amplitude Modulated)

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9
Q

Maximum Unambiguous Range formula

A

Maximum Unambiguous Range = c / 2 prf

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10
Q

Category II approach: DH & RVR

A

DH: 200’ - 100’, RVR: not less than 350 m

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11
Q

Position fixes follow a hierarchy of accuracy for calculating position fixes based on signals received from ground based radio navaids: DME / DME, VOR / DME, VOR / VOR

A

DME / DME (Rho / Rho) VOR / DME (Theta / Rho) VOR / VOR (Theta / Theta)

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12
Q

ADF antenna(s) type

A

Loop and Sense

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13
Q

Outer Marker transmits/aural frequencies

A

75 MHz / 400 MHz

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14
Q

ILS Inner Marker modulation frequency

A

3000 Hz

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15
Q

ILS Middle Marker modulation frequency

A

1300 Hz

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16
Q

to establish aircraft position in relation to the localiser beam what is measured?

A

difference in DEPTH between the 90 Hz modulation and the 150 Hz modulation

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17
Q

in which frequency band(s) does a locator normally transmit

A

LF/MF

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18
Q

ILS Localiser coverage

A

35º either side of the centreline out to a range of 17 NM

10º either side of the centreline out to a range of 25 NM

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19
Q

12 hours (1/2 of a sidereal day) is the orbit of?

A

NAVSTAR/GPS satellite orbit

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20
Q

MLS - azimuth coverage (° and range)

A

+ or - 40°, range of 20 NM

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21
Q

MLS elevation coverage

A

+ 0.9° to 20°, range of 20 NM

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22
Q

c / 2 prf

A

Maximum Unambiguous Range

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23
Q

c x Pulse Length / 2

A

Minimum Range

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24
Q

HEIGHT OF CLOUD ABOVE OR BELOW AIRCRAFT (FT) =

A

(TILT ANGLE - 1/2 BEAM WIDTH) x DISTANCE (NM) x 100

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25
Q

NDB/ADF system performance and reliability impacted by

A

Static interference, night effect, absence of failure warning system

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26
Q

In terms of length, how does increasing the range on a radar-display impact PRF and pulse length

A

The PRF becomes lower and the pulse length larger

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27
Q

The Locator is a low powered NDB in frequency band?

A

LF / MF

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28
Q

Glidepath uses the frequency band?

A

UHF with a minimum range of 10 NM

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29
Q

Localiser is uses the frequency band?

A

VHF at 108.0 - 111.975 MHz

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30
Q

Outer marker uses the frequency band?

A

VHF at 75 MHz.

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31
Q

keying A1A modulation is?

A

Interrupting the carrier wave to break it into dots and dashes

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32
Q

ILS marker beacon operates in which band?

A

VHF band

Do not confuse this with the amplitude modulated audio tone superimposed at 400, 1300 or 3000 Hz on the carrier wave.

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33
Q

DME utilises pulse-pairs instead of single pulses to..?

A

To distinguish the transmissions from transmitters of other systems utilising single pulses

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34
Q

Pseudo Random Noise is?

A

PRN is a code used for the identification of the satellites

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35
Q

Two overlapping lobes on the same VHF carrier frequency…what is this system

A

ILS localiser

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36
Q

morse of the Middle Marker

A
  • . - .
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37
Q

What is cross track distance (XTK-distance)

A

dist’ between actual position and Great Circle Track between active waypoints

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38
Q

pulse length determines min or max measurable range?

A

minimum

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39
Q

Does the FMS Navigation Database usually contain ATC frequencies

A

No

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40
Q

whats is GBAS for?

A

it uses ground transmitters to send correction data to receivers

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41
Q

it uses geostationary satellites to send correction data to receivers this is?

A

SBAS (associated with GNSS satellites

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42
Q

what is an example of ABAS and does it improve accuracy

A

RAIM, no.

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43
Q

Longer ranges require lower or higher PRF

A

Lower

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44
Q

DME channels utilise frequencies of approximately?

A

1000 MHz (UHF)

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45
Q

DME receiver does not lock on to its own transmissions reflected from the ground because?

A

They are not on the receiver frequency

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46
Q

what are the 3 EFIS colors

A

white, green, magenta

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47
Q

EFIS color green is for?

A

Selected Data, Values

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48
Q

EFIS color white is for?

A

Current Data, Values - White

Armed Modes - White

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49
Q

ILS Glide Path is normally intercepted between (nm and nm)

A

3-10 NM

50
Q

P-RNAV accuracy?

A

+/- 1.0 NM for 95%

51
Q

B-RNAV accuracy?

A

+/- 5.0 NM for 95%

52
Q

modulation form used in GPS

A

Phase modulation

53
Q

NAVSTAR/GPS satellites circling the earth at what altitude

A

20200 km

54
Q

EFIS color codes

Warnings - 
Flight envelope and system limits
A

RED

55
Q

EFIS color codes

Cautions, abnormal sources?

A
  • AMBER / YELLOW
56
Q

EFIS color codes

Earth?

A
  • TAN / BROWN
57
Q

EFIS color codes

Engaged modes?

A

GREEN

58
Q

EFIS color codes

Sky?

A

CYAN / BLUE

59
Q

EFIS color codes
ILS deviation pointer?
Flight director bar ?

A

MAGENTA

60
Q

DME receiver does not lock on to its own transmissions because…

A

They are not on the receiver frequency

61
Q

max bearing errors caused by the shoreline/coastal

A

000-030 degrees to the coastline

62
Q

homing towards an NDB in an area with constant wind and constant Magnetic Variation?

A

Relative Bearing of the NDB should be kept 000

63
Q

ILS consists of (lobes, freq band)

A

Two overlapping lobes on the same VHF carrier frequency

64
Q

addition of DME / P to MLS

A

Obtain three dimensional positions

65
Q

principle of distance measurement using DME

A
  • The time between the pulse pairs of the interrogation signal is at random;
  • In the search mode more pulse pairs per second are transmitted than in the tracking mode.
66
Q

ident of a DME in case of collocation with a VOR occurs how often?

A

once in 40 secs

67
Q

formula -

Change of Rate of Descent =

A

5 x Change of Ground Speed

68
Q

MLS consists of…

A

Azimuth transmitter and an Elevation transmitter (shared frequency) and a DME

69
Q

MLS can minimise multi path errors

A

The transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection by stationary objects

70
Q

ADF aerial

A

Loop and Sense

71
Q

TRACKING towards an NDB in an area with constant wind and constant Magnetic Variation?

A

Relative Bearing of the NDB should be equal to the experienced Drift Angle

72
Q

DME interrogation does not start before?

A

pulse-pairs of the tuned DME-station are received.

73
Q

Conventional VOR (CVOR), rotates at?

A

30 revolutions per second

74
Q

Aircraft height is not limiting for the reception of which radio aid signals?

A

NDB

75
Q

range - En-Route Surveillance Radar

A

200-300 NM

76
Q

Airborne Weather Radar in weather mode

A

3 – 5º Pencil beam

77
Q

advantage of a secondary radar system when compared to a primary radar

A

The required power of transmission from the ground equipment is reduced.

78
Q

how is secondary radar display screen free of storm clutter

A

‘echo’ return is not used in secondary radar

79
Q

to double the effective range of a primary radar the power output must be increased by a factor of?

A

16

80
Q

2D RNAV system provides guidance in which plane?

A

The horizontal plane

81
Q

information given by a basic VOR/DME-based Area Navigation System

A

Crosstrack distance; Distance to Go

82
Q

Apart from radials and distances from VOR/DME stations, what information is required by the VOR/DME Area Navigation computer in order to calculate the wind?

A

Heading from the aircraft compass system and true airspeed from the air data computer

83
Q

Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) display in PLAN mode is indicated by?

A

North UP and displays expanded

84
Q

features displayed in red on an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS), indicate:

A

Warnings; flight envelope and system limits

85
Q

Outer Marker - distance from threshold?

A

4nm

86
Q

The heading rose of an HSI is frozen on 200°. Lined up on the ILS of runway 25, the localiser needle will be:

A

Centred

87
Q

If VOR bearing information is used beyond the designated operational coverage, errors could be ?

A

Interference from other transmitters

88
Q

identification of a DME in combination with a collocated VOR is?

A

each 40 seconds the DME ident will be heard once on an audio frequency of 1350 Hz.

89
Q

what is a Locator and whats it’s range?

A

Locator: A LF / MF NDB used as an aid to final approach, 10 and 25 NM

90
Q

Power for windscreen heating is usually 3 phase ac or dc?

A

ac

91
Q

Flat rated jet engines are designed to provide constant maximum take-off thrust up to a certain altitude or temperature?

A

temp

92
Q

Within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these…this describes what type of Navigation

A

RNAV

93
Q

VOR, GPS and MTS and the turbulence mode of AWR use the Doppler principal….true or false

A

true

94
Q

119.70 MHz is a typical frequency for?

A

Approach control

95
Q

TACAN provides DME or Bearing to civil a/c?

A

DME

96
Q

(ILS) Glide Paths provide azimuth coverage (i) ….. ° each side of the localiser centre-line to a distance of (ii) …. NM minimum from the threshold.

A

(i) 8 (ii) 10

97
Q

Full deflection on a glide slope indicator indicates

A

0.7

98
Q

ILS localiser transmitter is based on two overlapping lobes that are transmitted on (i)………. frequencies and carry different (ii)……….

A

(i) the same (ii) modulation frequencies

99
Q

Two overlapping lobes on the same VHF carrier frequency, describes?

A

(ILS) localiser radiation pattern

100
Q

greatest inaccuracy in ADF bearings is caused by?

A

Local thunderstorm activity

101
Q

108 MHz and 111.975 MHz - what transmits in this range?

A

localiser

102
Q

MLS installations notified for operation, unless otherwise stated, provide azimuth coverage

A

+ or - 40° to a range of 20 NM

103
Q

ILS marker beacon operates in MF or VHF

A

VHF

104
Q

which marker indicates the position for the decision for a missed approach during a CAT I approach due too bad visibility.

A

middle marker

105
Q

provide a pilot with the position of the aircraft in the absence of radar, ATC must have how many VDFs?

A

Two VDF’s at different locations

106
Q

locator beacon differs from an NDB with respect to:

A

Operational use & Transmission power

107
Q

greatest inaccuracy in ADF bearings is caused by?

A

Local thunderstorm activity

108
Q

ILS: two overlapping lobes on the same or different VHF carrier frequency

A

same

109
Q

displacement of an aircraft (with respect to the localiser centerline) doubles (e.g. from 1° tot 2°) the measured Difference in Depth of Modulation: trebles, quadruples or doubles?

A

doubles

110
Q

ILS ‘Beam bends’ are slight curves that can or cannot be followed by large aircraft?

A

can

111
Q

localiser transmitters operate in a frequency band between

A

108 MHz and 111.975 MHz.

112
Q

Every 10 kt decrease in Ground Speed, on a 3° ILS Glide Path, will require an approximate Decrease or Increase of 50 FT/MIN in the aircraft’s rate of descent

A

decrease

113
Q

For both _____ propagation, the space wave is the only propagation path of practial use. There is no sky wave under normal conditions

A

VHF/UHF

114
Q

300 to 3000 MHz

A

metric or decimetric

115
Q

primary radar system, how many directional aerials are used?

A

One directional antenna both for transmitting and for receiving

116
Q

Reflection from ionospheric layers is used in ___ radio frequencies:

A

HF

117
Q

change in direction of an EM-wave occuring due to a change in its speed is called?

A

Refraction

118
Q

Loop antenna, parabolic antenna, slotted planar antenna, helical antenna are directional - true or false?

A

true

119
Q

A reason that GPS satellites use helical antennae is:

A

the signal has a circular polarization

120
Q

VHF/UHF - the space wave is the only propagation path of practial use. There is no sky wave under normal conditions…true or false

A

true

ATPL (3 decks)

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