Radical Right/ Left

Question 1

Radical definition

Answer 1

Not extreme politics. Extreme politics is against the system: but radical only challenges it

Question 2

Pre-war radical/extreme parties

Answer 2

1. Facist: anti-liberal democratic, anti-parliamentarian, anti-liberal, anti-communist, anti-conservative.
   Create authoritarian regime with big focus on ethnic nationalism + corporatist state
2. Communist: anti-parliamentary democracy, and anti=liberal democracy.
   Goal was to create a communist society

Question 3

Rise of radical right

Answer 3

Already a big radical right/ left due to New Left movement + Cold War period, which later became moe moderate.
Emergence of radical + extreme right happened in 90s with this ideology:
1. Strong anti-establishment
2. Market Liberal
3. increasinlgy anti-immigrant
4. Not necessarily anti-EU : north
independent in EU and get rid of south

Question 4

Voters of radical right in the 90s

Answer 4

1. Lower middle class
2. some working class
3. lower educated
4. people with lower levels of trust
5. less aligned

Question 5

Radical right influence in 90s

Answer 5

1. Anti-establishment challenged mainstream politics
2. Politicised immigration + European integration
3. Attracted more and more working class voters
4. Challenged how parties compete in party systems

Question 6

Growing support of radical right: why + consequences

Answer 6

1. After Maastricht Treaty + collapse of Berlin Wall rising questions of migration + asylum
2. Electoral success of populist radical right parties from this influences other parties
3. leads to move towards a populist radical right party family

Question 7

Radical right becoming more populist, why and in what way

Answer 7

1. Due to influence on other parties
2. Got very explicitly populist: people centred, Manichean, and anti-elite
3. more nationalistic to point of nativism: states should be inhabited exclusively by members of native group and non-native elements are threatening the homogenous nation-state
4. more authoritarian with strong ideas about law +order
5. Economically more welfare chauvinistic (protecting their own, not redistribution + equality), anti-globalisation, and market oriented

Question 8

Support for radical right 90s

Answer 8

1. more men
2. lower educated + lower income
3. combination of young + old
4. lower levels of trust, satisfaction with democracy + political efficacy
5. higher populist attitudes
6. more opposed to immigration and European integration
7. more authoritarian people

Question 9

Long-term causes on demand side that caused radical right to grow

Answer 9

1. Globalisation + economic transformations due to it
2. changing cleavages

Question 10

Long term causes on supply side that caused radical right to grow

Answer 10

1. cartelisation of political parties
2. changing mainstream party ideologies
3. competition new parties create new dilemmas
4. more european integration

Question 11

Dilemmas radical right created for social democrats

Answer 11

1. Some switching from working class between these parties
2. it is the working class people we think SHOULD vote for social democracy that vote populist radical right
3. Social Democrats have to chose between culture vs economics , catch all vs nice, alliane with greens?

Question 12

Dilemmas radical right created for centre-right parties

Answer 12

Vote switching between these parties influenced how they talked about:
1. immigration
2. European integration
3. less influence on economic dimension

Question 13

Changes in left from 70s onward because?

Answer 13

1. New Left movement: fragmentation in left
2. End of Cold War” less and less people became socialists. Leading to vairous lefts

Question 14

Various left groups 70s onwards

Answer 14

1. Green parties: environment, post-material issues, social justice
2. Radical Left/ New Left: anti-globalisation, social justice, environment, often Post-material issues
3. Populist radical left parties: social justice, anti-globalisation, populism

Question 15

Left populist ideology

Answer 15

1. Oppose elites/ large corporations
2. EU sceptical, but want more international regulation
3. redistributive politics
4. not socialist, less focus on class/traditional socialist themes focus on idea of the people

Question 16

Support for radical left

Answer 16

1. Combination of men + women and higher + lower educated
2. People with lower levels of trust + satisfaction with democracy, but higher levels of populist attitudes
3. people wanting more political/economic equality, more sceptical on EU integration (on economic dimension), not more opposed to immigration (some in favour)

Question 17

Long term cause of growth populist/radical left

Answer 17

1. Losers of globalisation: structural transformations of capitalism (fishing around lower educated lower class voters)
2. third way parties
3. move to centre of Green parties

Question 18

Populist radical right and populist radical left compared

Answer 18

1. nativist versus economic equality
2. authoritarian versus regulation
3. anti-EU versus anti EU –> cultural versus economic
4. immigration versus economic
5. both populist

Question 19

Commonalities of support populist radical right and populist left

Answer 19

1. supporters often with lower socio-economic status
2. oppose EU integration for difference reasons
3. nationalism, also based on different dimensions
4. populist

Question 20

Differences in support of populist radical right and populist left

Answer 20

1. Radical right has more male supporters, lower educated, and anti-immigrant
2. radical left both higher and lower educated, more economic equality as goal.