radiation protection Flashcards

1
Q

where does most radiation come from

A

Radon and Thoron (background)

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2
Q

where does Radon and thoron come from

A

Gas from the ground that we inhale

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3
Q

what kind of particles are Radon and thoron

A

Alpha particles

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4
Q

what is radiation from space

A

Cosmic and sun raises

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5
Q

what is interal radiation

A

Injested radiation

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6
Q

whatis consumer radiation

A

Focile fuels, mostly smoking

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7
Q

products that produce radiation

A

Smoke detectors

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8
Q

what is occupational radiation

A

Job exposure

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9
Q

what is Fleuoscopy

A

using radioactive stuff inside you to see better

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10
Q

when was the last dental survey of radiographs

A

2014-2015

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11
Q

what does ALARM stand for

A

as low as reasonable achievable

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12
Q

how many intraoral exams are done

A

493,185,000

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13
Q

what does NEXT stnad for

A

National Evaluation of X-ray tends

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14
Q

what are the principles of radiation protection

A
Justification (patient benefit)
Optimization (adequate diagnositic infro with the lowest possible exposure) - which image type is best
Dose Limitation (protection of occupationally exposed individuals
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15
Q

when are radiographs chosen

A

After thorough clinical examination

  • med history
  • dental history
  • Clnical findings
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16
Q

what are the standard radiographs for all patients

A

No “standard” radiograph

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17
Q

what are the special considerations for prescription dental images

A

Previous Radiotherapy

Pregnancy

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18
Q

Can you take images of a pregnant women

A

Yes, because dental X-rays are low dose

  • shy away though cuz of risk
  • focus on emergencies
  • wait for baby to be born
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19
Q

what films take the longest time

A
D-speed film the longest exposure time
F-speed film
E-spped film 
SPP
CCD fastest
20
Q

Comparison of tube voltage and tube current for D, e and F speed film

A

All about the same

21
Q

how does X-ray tube length affect the X-ray beam

A

leads to a dose reduction of 10-25% if farther away

22
Q

How does Filtration affect the X-ray beam

A

3mm of AL leads to a dose reduction of 80%

23
Q

Federal guidelines for filtration

A

total filtration of 50-70 KVp: 1.5mm

Total filtration of 70 KVP and more: 2.5mm

24
Q

what is the Optimal operation KVP (potential

A

60-70 KVP (leads to the best clearity)

25
Q

how is exposure time set

A

Set by the operator

26
Q

how does over and under exposed look

A

under: white
OVer: black

27
Q

what happens if KVP is too low or too high

A

Too high: too many chades of gray

too low: too little shades of gray

28
Q

how does Collimation affect dose

A

Reduces dose approximately 60%

29
Q

does the young or old have more risk to radiation

A

Young at higher risk

30
Q

when is a thyroid collar used

A

appropriate (won’t ruin the image)

31
Q

Should a lead apron be used

A

Deemed unncessary by ADA and NCRP

32
Q

how far must an operator stand if no barrier

A

6 feet away

angle of 90-135 from the central ray

33
Q

how should barriers be set up for the operator

A

Use a leaded glass window

consult with a qualified expert with knowledge of state regulated minimal shielding requirements

34
Q

can the operator hold the film/sensos or x-ray tube during exposures

A

No

35
Q

why are dose limits set

A

Ensure no determinisitic effects and decrease probablity of stochastic effects

36
Q

who sets guidelines for the Planned exposure situations

A

NCRP and ICRP

37
Q

what do exposure guidlines not accold

A

Background, consumer, or diagnostic radiation

38
Q

who should have the lowest exposures to X-rays

A

The public( people just hanging in the office)

39
Q

what is the doselimit dor Occupationally exposed individuals

A

1 mSv

40
Q

dose limit to a fetus

A

not exceed 1 mSv for the remainder of the pregnancydecalared

41
Q

how much dose do operators of dental X-ray equiment get annual

A

.2mSV (1% of allowable dose)

42
Q

INfectional contraol and Dental radiographs

A

Good, follow guidlines

43
Q

Daily schedule of radiograph quality assurance

A
  • Check processing by coparing raiographs with reference, steps weidge or sensitometry and densitometry
  • enter causes of retake in log
  • replenish processing solution
  • check temp of processing solution
  • run large roller transport clean up film through autoprocessor
44
Q

weekly schedule of radiograph quality assurance

A

REplace processing solution
Clean processing eq
Clean viewbox
review retake log

45
Q

Monthly schedule of Radiographic quality assurance

A

Exame photostimulable phosphor plates for scratches
Check darkroom safelights and for light leaks
Clean intensiy screen
Rotate film stock
Check exposure charts
Inspect leaded aprons and thyroid collars for damges

46
Q

yearly schedule of radiographic quality insurance

A

Verify digital sensory with quality assurance apparatus

Calibrate x-ray