Radiation Physics

Question 1

what kind of Effect is Radiation induced cancer

Answer 1

Stochastic effect

Question 2

how strong of a carcinogen is Radiation

Answer 2

weak carcinogen (20x less than smoking)

Question 3

what electron shell has the highest binding energy

Answer 3

The K shell (the inner most)

Question 4

what is the atomic number

Answer 4

Number of protons

Question 5

what is the atomic mass

Answer 5

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 6

High Z number(protons) does what to the binding energy

Answer 6

increases the binding energy

Question 7

does Radiation energy move

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

How can Radiation move through space

Answer 8

Electromagnetic waves

Energentic particlesParticulate

Question 9

is all radiation ionizing

Answer 9

No

Question 10

why might not all radiation be ionizing

Answer 10

Needs sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms it encounters in its path

Question 11

the process of removing electrons from atoms

Answer 11

Ionization

Question 12

How are Electric and MAgnetic planes rotated in relation to one another

Answer 12

Planes at right angles

Question 13

how fast does Electromagnetic radiation go

Answer 13

Speed of light

Question 14

what is an angstrom

Answer 14

1Angstrom=10^-10meters

Question 15

what is the velocity of EMRs in air

Answer 15

all are the same

Question 16

what is the definition of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 16

Transfer of energy through space as a combo of electrical and magnetic fields

Question 17

what is Quantum theory

Answer 17

Electromagnetic radiation is considered as bundles of energy called photons

Question 18

Energy of a wave

Answer 18

E=hv

Question 19

relation of energy and freqeuncy

Answer 19

Direct

Question 20

Relation of energy and wavelength

Answer 20

Inverse

Question 21

what is ionization

Answer 21

Gaining of loosing an electon

Question 22

when does Ionization occur

Answer 22

When particulate or electromagnetic radiation energy is greater than binding energy

Question 23

what is the threshold for ionization

Answer 23

10eV

Question 24

what types of EMR is ionization radiation

Answer 24

Gamma rays
X rays
UV rays (only the highest energy ones though)

Question 25

what is an ion pair

Answer 25

The combo of the ejected negative ion and the remainder atom which is positive

Question 26

when are Gamma rays used

Answer 26

To image the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals

Question 27

when are X-rays used

Answer 27

Diagnostic imaging

Question 28

When is visible light used

Answer 28

Extra oral imaging and viewing radiographs

Question 29

when are Radiofrequency waves used

Answer 29

MRI

Question 30

how much do X rays weight

Answer 30

No weight

Question 31

Charge of X rays

Answer 31

No charge

Question 32

How do x rays travel

Answer 32

In waves with a specific frequency at the speed of light

Question 33

How do X rays leave the central focus

Answer 33

Diverging in a straight line

Question 34

wavelenthgs of X rays

Answer 34

.1-.5Angustrum

Question 35

what can X rays do

Answer 35

cause Fluorescence Affect photographic film Produce biological and chemical changes

Question 36

how are X rays produced

Answer 36

High velocity electrons are suddenly decelerated when they pass close to the nuclei of high Z absorbing materials

Question 37

The requirments of X ray products

Answer 37

Electrons High velocity to those elctrons High Z number material (tungsten)

Question 38

2 types of X ray production

Answer 38

Bremsstrahlung radiation | Characteristic radition

Question 39

how does Bremsstrahlung radition work

Answer 39

Fast moving electrons slow/stop when close to the nucleus of atoms releaseing energy

Question 40

how does Characteristic radiation occur

Answer 40

Few electrons interact with tungston electrons, and ionize the Inner shell electrons and energy is released when they fall down to the higher binding energy level

Question 41

do all electrons move at the same velocity for Bremmstrahlung radiation

Answer 41

No(some move at higher and lower velocity)

Question 42

Can electrons in Bremmstrahlung radition experience multiple declerations

Answer 42

Yes (if still traveling fast) leading to different wavelengths of light produced

Question 43

what is the result of Bremmstrahlung radiation?

Answer 43

Polychromatic(heterogeneous) x ray beam

Question 44

how much of the X ray beam is Bremsstrahlung

Answer 44

70%

Question 45

what part of the X ray tube makes Bremsstrahlung radiation

Answer 45

Anode

Question 46

what is the ultimate fate of an electron in Bremsstrahlung radition

Answer 46

It will slow down to a resting state and be absorbed by an atom needing an electron

Question 47

what kid of X-ray beam does Characteristic radition give off

Answer 47

A Heterogeneous X ray beem with a narrower energy spectrum

Question 48

how much of the X ray beem is Characteristic

Answer 48

30%`

Question 49

What percentage of the energy released from forming Radiation is released actually as radition

Answer 49

1% (the rest is heat)

Question 50

How to get Homogenous radiation

Answer 50

switching current to DC

Question 51

why does DC current make Homogenous radition

Answer 51

Kilovoltage rapidly rises to its peak and remains there throughout the x-ray exposure, leading to cathode electrons with similar KE

Question 52

how much radiation does Homogenous radiation deliver to a patiation

Answer 52

20% less