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radiology > Radiation Physics > Flashcards

Radiation Physics Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of Effect is Radiation induced cancer

A

Stochastic effect

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2
Q

how strong of a carcinogen is Radiation

A

weak carcinogen (20x less than smoking)

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3
Q

what electron shell has the highest binding energy

A

The K shell (the inner most)

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4
Q

what is the atomic number

A

Number of protons

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5
Q

what is the atomic mass

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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6
Q

High Z number(protons) does what to the binding energy

A

increases the binding energy

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7
Q

does Radiation energy move

A

Yes

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8
Q

How can Radiation move through space

A

Electromagnetic waves

Energentic particlesParticulate

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9
Q

is all radiation ionizing

A

No

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10
Q

why might not all radiation be ionizing

A

Needs sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms it encounters in its path

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11
Q

the process of removing electrons from atoms

A

Ionization

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12
Q

How are Electric and MAgnetic planes rotated in relation to one another

A

Planes at right angles

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13
Q

how fast does Electromagnetic radiation go

A

Speed of light

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14
Q

what is an angstrom

A

1Angstrom=10^-10meters

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15
Q

what is the velocity of EMRs in air

A

all are the same

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16
Q

what is the definition of electromagnetic radiation

A

Transfer of energy through space as a combo of electrical and magnetic fields

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17
Q

what is Quantum theory

A

Electromagnetic radiation is considered as bundles of energy called photons

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18
Q

Energy of a wave

A

E=hv

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19
Q

relation of energy and freqeuncy

A

Direct

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20
Q

Relation of energy and wavelength

A

Inverse

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21
Q

what is ionization

A

Gaining of loosing an electon

22
Q

when does Ionization occur

A

When particulate or electromagnetic radiation energy is greater than binding energy

23
Q

what is the threshold for ionization

A

10eV

24
Q

what types of EMR is ionization radiation

A

Gamma rays
X rays
UV rays (only the highest energy ones though)

25
Q

what is an ion pair

A

The combo of the ejected negative ion and the remainder atom which is positive

26
Q

when are Gamma rays used

A

To image the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals

27
Q

when are X-rays used

A

Diagnostic imaging

28
Q

When is visible light used

A

Extra oral imaging and viewing radiographs

29
Q

when are Radiofrequency waves used

A

MRI

30
Q

how much do X rays weight

A

No weight

31
Q

Charge of X rays

A

No charge

32
Q

How do x rays travel

A

In waves with a specific frequency at the speed of light

33
Q

How do X rays leave the central focus

A

Diverging in a straight line

34
Q

wavelenthgs of X rays

A

.1-.5Angustrum

35
Q

what can X rays do

A

cause Fluorescence
Affect photographic film
Produce biological and chemical changes

36
Q

how are X rays produced

A

High velocity electrons are suddenly decelerated when they pass close to the nuclei of high Z absorbing materials

37
Q

The requirments of X ray products

A

Electrons
High velocity to those elctrons
High Z number material (tungsten)

38
Q

2 types of X ray production

A

Bremsstrahlung radiation

Characteristic radition

39
Q

how does Bremsstrahlung radition work

A

Fast moving electrons slow/stop when close to the nucleus of atoms releaseing energy

40
Q

how does Characteristic radiation occur

A

Few electrons interact with tungston electrons, and ionize the Inner shell electrons and energy is released when they fall down to the higher binding energy level

41
Q

do all electrons move at the same velocity for Bremmstrahlung radiation

A

No(some move at higher and lower velocity)

42
Q

Can electrons in Bremmstrahlung radition experience multiple declerations

A

Yes (if still traveling fast) leading to different wavelengths of light produced

43
Q

what is the result of Bremmstrahlung radiation?

A

Polychromatic(heterogeneous) x ray beam

44
Q

how much of the X ray beam is Bremsstrahlung

A

70%

45
Q

what part of the X ray tube makes Bremsstrahlung radiation

A

Anode

46
Q

what is the ultimate fate of an electron in Bremsstrahlung radition

A

It will slow down to a resting state and be absorbed by an atom needing an electron

47
Q

what kid of X-ray beam does Characteristic radition give off

A

A Heterogeneous X ray beem with a narrower energy spectrum

48
Q

how much of the X ray beem is Characteristic

A

30%`

49
Q

What percentage of the energy released from forming Radiation is released actually as radition

A

1% (the rest is heat)

50
Q

How to get Homogenous radiation

A

switching current to DC

51
Q

why does DC current make Homogenous radition

A

Kilovoltage rapidly rises to its peak and remains there throughout the x-ray exposure, leading to cathode electrons with similar KE

52
Q

how much radiation does Homogenous radiation deliver to a patiation

A

20% less

radiology (10 decks)

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