Radiation less. 02 Flashcards
is a type of energy that originates from a source and flows through matter or space?
Radiation
It has enough energy to move or vibrate atoms in molecule, but not enough to remove electrons from atoms?
Non-Ionizing Radiation
Radiation for which the mechanism of action in tissue does not directly ionize atomic or molecular systems through single interaction?
Non-Ionizing Radiation
A radiation that is not capable of causing ionization?
Non-Ionizing Radiation
It is so powerful that it may knock electrons from atoms, a process known as ionization?
Ionization Radiation
It is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from an atom with which it interacts?
Ionization Radiation
A process of removing an orbital electron from an atom with which it interacts?
Ionization
Occurs when xrays passes close to the orbital electron of an atom and transfer sufficient energy to the electron to remove it from the atom?
Ionization
The orbital electron and the atom which it was separated are called _____?
Ion pairs
Is the removal of an orbital electron from an atom?
Ionization
What are the example of Ionization Radiation?
Xrays , Gamma Rays , Ultraviolet light
Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it?
Irradiation
Matter that has been irradiated and becomes a source of radiation?
Contamination
The radiation in the environment from rocks and soil as well as cosmic radiation from space?
Natural Environment / Background Radiation
Are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars?
Cosmic Rays
On Earth, the intensity will increase with altitude and latitude?
Cosmic Rays
Emitted from deposits of radioactive substances on Earth?
Terrestrial Radiation
It result from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth?
Terrestrial Radiation
The intensity is highly dependent on the geology of the local area?
Terrestrial Radiation
how many Potassium is in part of human metabolism?
K - 40
In Carbon how many will deposited in trees and fossils?
Carbon - 14
The largest source of natural environment radiation?
Radon
It is a radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities in the Earth?
Radon
It emits alpha particles, which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the lung?
Radon
NCRP stands for?
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
It constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation?
Diagnostic xrays
This estimates was made in ____ by the NCRP?
2006
Earlier estimates by the NCRP in 1990 put this source at nearly ____?
0.4 mSv/yr
Contributes very little to your radiation dose?
Nuclear Power Plants, research application and Industrial sources
Watch dials, exit signs, smoke detectors, camping lantern mantles, and airport surveillance system contribute 0.1 mSv to our annual radiation dose?
Consumer products
Deposition on the surface of the earth of radioactive particules, released into the atmosphere as a result of nuclear exposion?
Radioactive Fallout
The diagnostic xrays, Nuclear Power Plants research application and Industrial sources, Consumer products and Radioactive fallout are example of _____?
Man - Made Radiation
The natural environmental radiation results in an annual dose of approximately —–?
3 millisieverts (mSv)
What is the unite of an effective dose?
Millisieverts (mSv)
The currently accepted approximate annual dose resulting from medical applications of ionizing radiation is —–?
3.2 mSv
In what year does the International Commision on Radiation Units and Measurements issued standards units based on SI
1981
ICRU stands for?
International Commision on Radiation Units and Measurements
Is the kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons during ionization and excitation?
Air Kerma
Is the unit of radition exposure or intensity (air kerma)?
Gya
What is the unit of Air Kerma?
Gya or R or J/kg
It is defined as a unit of radiation quantity in 1928?
Roetgen or Exposure
Applies only to xrays and gamma rays and their interaction with air?
Roetgen or Exposure
Is also called molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Covalent bonding
What is the smallest article of an element?
Atom
What is the smallest particle of a compuounds?
Molecule
Is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occuring in ionic compounds?
Ionic Bonding
Atoms of various elements may combine to form molecule?
Molecule
A chemical is any quantity of one type of molecule?
Compound
Are the outermost and least tightly bound electrons in an atom?
Valence Electron
These are the electrons that are usually involved in chemical reactions and can become transfeered from atom to atom?
Valence Electron
Is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation, to the limitation on the maximum number of electrons
Octet rule
In the periodic table, there are horizontal rows of elements are called —–?
Periods
Then the elements are organized into vertical columns called —–?
Groups
The outermost shell or level of electrons and holds up to 8 electrons for each element but only 2 for helium?
Valence shell
It is located at the outermost shell
Electrons
Have the same atomic number and the same atomic ass number but different energy states because of difference in nucleon arrangement?
Isomer
The english word “Isomer” comes from the Greek term —–, where “isos” means —– and “meros” means —–?
Isomeros , “equal” , “part”
Give the 5 types of Isotopes?
Stable isotopes
Radioactive isotopes
Isobars
Isotones
Isomer
Isotopes that do not decay into other elements, only certain elements can be used and found in nature used to calculate the age of things like dinosaur bones?
Stable Isotopes
Isotopes that are unstable because they have not one or more excess neutrons or missing protons?
Radioactive Proton
Was recommended by Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918?
Isobars
The Isobars was recommended by whom?
Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918
Do not shows the same chemical properties?
Isobars
These are the different atoms of different elements which have similar mads number but different atomic number?
Isobars
The atoms that has the same number of neutrons but different number of protons?
Isotones
