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Radbio > Radiation less. 02 > Flashcards

Radiation less. 02 Flashcards

1
Q

is a type of energy that originates from a source and flows through matter or space?

A

Radiation

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2
Q

It has enough energy to move or vibrate atoms in molecule, but not enough to remove electrons from atoms?

A

Non-Ionizing Radiation

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3
Q

Radiation for which the mechanism of action in tissue does not directly ionize atomic or molecular systems through single interaction?

A

Non-Ionizing Radiation

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4
Q

A radiation that is not capable of causing ionization?

A

Non-Ionizing Radiation

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5
Q

It is so powerful that it may knock electrons from atoms, a process known as ionization?

A

Ionization Radiation

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6
Q

It is any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from an atom with which it interacts?

A

Ionization Radiation

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7
Q

A process of removing an orbital electron from an atom with which it interacts?

A

Ionization

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8
Q

Occurs when xrays passes close to the orbital electron of an atom and transfer sufficient energy to the electron to remove it from the atom?

A

Ionization

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9
Q

The orbital electron and the atom which it was separated are called _____?

A

Ion pairs

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10
Q

Is the removal of an orbital electron from an atom?

A

Ionization

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11
Q

What are the example of Ionization Radiation?

A

Xrays , Gamma Rays , Ultraviolet light

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12
Q

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it?

A

Irradiation

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13
Q

Matter that has been irradiated and becomes a source of radiation?

A

Contamination

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14
Q

The radiation in the environment from rocks and soil as well as cosmic radiation from space?

A

Natural Environment / Background Radiation

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15
Q

Are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars?

A

Cosmic Rays

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16
Q

On Earth, the intensity will increase with altitude and latitude?

A

Cosmic Rays

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17
Q

Emitted from deposits of radioactive substances on Earth?

A

Terrestrial Radiation

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18
Q

It result from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth?

A

Terrestrial Radiation

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19
Q

The intensity is highly dependent on the geology of the local area?

A

Terrestrial Radiation

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20
Q

how many Potassium is in part of human metabolism?

A

K - 40

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21
Q

In Carbon how many will deposited in trees and fossils?

A

Carbon - 14

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22
Q

The largest source of natural environment radiation?

A

Radon

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23
Q

It is a radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities in the Earth?

A

Radon

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24
Q

It emits alpha particles, which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the lung?

A

Radon

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25
Q

NCRP stands for?

A

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements

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26
Q

It constitute the largest man-made source of ionizing radiation?

A

Diagnostic xrays

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27
Q

This estimates was made in ____ by the NCRP?

A

2006

28
Q

Earlier estimates by the NCRP in 1990 put this source at nearly ____?

A

0.4 mSv/yr

29
Q

Contributes very little to your radiation dose?

A

Nuclear Power Plants, research application and Industrial sources

30
Q

Watch dials, exit signs, smoke detectors, camping lantern mantles, and airport surveillance system contribute 0.1 mSv to our annual radiation dose?

A

Consumer products

31
Q

Deposition on the surface of the earth of radioactive particules, released into the atmosphere as a result of nuclear exposion?

A

Radioactive Fallout

32
Q

The diagnostic xrays, Nuclear Power Plants research application and Industrial sources, Consumer products and Radioactive fallout are example of _____?

A

Man - Made Radiation

33
Q

The natural environmental radiation results in an annual dose of approximately —–?

A

3 millisieverts (mSv)

34
Q

What is the unite of an effective dose?

A

Millisieverts (mSv)

35
Q

The currently accepted approximate annual dose resulting from medical applications of ionizing radiation is —–?

A

3.2 mSv

36
Q

In what year does the International Commision on Radiation Units and Measurements issued standards units based on SI

A

1981

37
Q

ICRU stands for?

A

International Commision on Radiation Units and Measurements

38
Q

Is the kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons during ionization and excitation?

A

Air Kerma

39
Q

Is the unit of radition exposure or intensity (air kerma)?

A

Gya

40
Q

What is the unit of Air Kerma?

A

Gya or R or J/kg

41
Q

It is defined as a unit of radiation quantity in 1928?

A

Roetgen or Exposure

42
Q

Applies only to xrays and gamma rays and their interaction with air?

A

Roetgen or Exposure

43
Q

Is also called molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

A

Covalent bonding

44
Q

What is the smallest article of an element?

A

Atom

45
Q

What is the smallest particle of a compuounds?

A

Molecule

46
Q

Is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occuring in ionic compounds?

A

Ionic Bonding

47
Q

Atoms of various elements may combine to form molecule?

A

Molecule

48
Q

A chemical is any quantity of one type of molecule?

A

Compound

49
Q

Are the outermost and least tightly bound electrons in an atom?

A

Valence Electron

50
Q

These are the electrons that are usually involved in chemical reactions and can become transfeered from atom to atom?

A

Valence Electron

51
Q

Is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation, to the limitation on the maximum number of electrons

A

Octet rule

52
Q

In the periodic table, there are horizontal rows of elements are called —–?

A

Periods

53
Q

Then the elements are organized into vertical columns called —–?

A

Groups

54
Q

The outermost shell or level of electrons and holds up to 8 electrons for each element but only 2 for helium?

A

Valence shell

55
Q

It is located at the outermost shell

A

Electrons

56
Q

Have the same atomic number and the same atomic ass number but different energy states because of difference in nucleon arrangement?

A

Isomer

57
Q

The english word “Isomer” comes from the Greek term —–, where “isos” means —– and “meros” means —–?

A

Isomeros , “equal” , “part”

58
Q

Give the 5 types of Isotopes?

A

Stable isotopes
Radioactive isotopes
Isobars
Isotones
Isomer

59
Q

Isotopes that do not decay into other elements, only certain elements can be used and found in nature used to calculate the age of things like dinosaur bones?

A

Stable Isotopes

60
Q

Isotopes that are unstable because they have not one or more excess neutrons or missing protons?

A

Radioactive Proton

61
Q

Was recommended by Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918?

A

Isobars

62
Q

The Isobars was recommended by whom?

A

Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918

63
Q

Do not shows the same chemical properties?

A

Isobars

64
Q

These are the different atoms of different elements which have similar mads number but different atomic number?

A

Isobars

65
Q

The atoms that has the same number of neutrons but different number of protons?

A

Isotones

Radbio (2 decks)

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