Deterministic Effect Flashcards
radiation response occurs within days to months
deterministic effect
radiation response increases in sevierty
deterministic effect
is the most devastating human response to radiation exposure
death
always result in partial-body exposure
diagnostic x-ray beam
sequence that follow high-level radiation exposure leading to death within days or weeks
acute radiation syndrome
this immediate response of radiation sickness
prodromal period
is the time after exposure during which is no sign of radiation exposure
latent radiation
after the period of initial radiation sickness well-being occurs
apparent
approximately dose: > 1 Gyt
prodromal period
approximately dose: 1-100 Gyt
latent period
clinical sign and symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
prodromal period
there is NONE clinical sign and syndrome
latent period
is characterized by possible vomiting mild diarrhea, malaise, lethargy, and fever
manifest illness
at very high radiation dose, the ___ disappears altogether
latent period
at very low radiation dose, there may be no ___ at all
prodromal period
as the whole-body radiation dose increases, the average time between exposure and death decreases
mean survival time
what are the three syndromes
central nervous syndrome
gastrointestinal syndrome
hematologic syndrem6
reduction or red, white blood cells, and platelets
hematologic syndrome
hematologic syndrome and CNS syndrome of mean survival time
dose dependent
G1 syndrome of mean survival time
remain constant at 4 days
severe damage to the cells lining the intestine
gastrointestinal period
the ultimate cause of death in CNS syndrome is elevated fluid content of the brain
central nervous syndrome
is the dose of radiation to the whole body
LD 50/60
no one is expected to die
1 Gyt (100 rad)
all those irradiated die unless vigorous medical support is available
6 Gyt (600 rad)
even vigorous medical support does not prevent death
10 Gy (1000 rad)
LD 50/60 in human
3.5 Gy (350 rad)
LD 50/60 if human have clinical support
8.5 Gy (850 rad)
higher dose is required to produce a response
local tissue damage
is the shrinkage of an organ or tissue caused by cell death
Atrophy
what are the local tissue damage
skin
gonads
bone marrow
is the most familiar to us
skin
skin in outer and intermediate
outer - epidermis
intermediate - dermis
consist of several layers of cells
Epidermis
are the stem cell that matures as they migrate tot he surface of the epidermis
basal cells
orthovoltage
(200 - 300 kVp x-rays)
a sunburn - like reddening the skin
erythema
ulceration and denudation of the skin
desquamation
loss of hair other term
epilation
ringworm other term
tinea capitis
tinea capitis of the scalp which is common in children was successfully treated by ___
grenz radiation
female gonad produce produce ___ and mature in ovum
Ovaries
oogonia
male gonad and produces ____ and matures into sperm
Testes
spermatogonia
this process is develop in stem cell phase and mature cell phase
gametogenesis
is the stem cell of the ovaries
oogonia
grow to encapsulate oogonia
primordial follicle
most radiosensitive
mature follicle
matured oogonia
oocyte
is the matured female cell 400-500 ova are available for fertilization
ovum
is the stem cell of male
spermatogonia
matured spermatogonia
spermatocyte
mature spermatocyte
spermatids
matured germ cell
spermatozoa or sperm
a number of cell types are produced and develop into several different types of mature cell
pluripotential stem cell
those involved in the immune response
lymphocytes
scavenger type of cell used to fight bacteria
granulocytes
also called platelets clotting of blood
thrombocytes
red of blood cells
erythrocytes
is also a cell renewal system
hematopoietic system
decrease in the number of all types of blood cells in the circulating peripheral blood
hematopoietic cell survival
are the most radiosensitive cell in the body
spermatogonia and lymphocytes
is the study of the genetic f cells particularly cell chromosomes
cytogenetics
