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Plastic Composite > Radiation, Ingredients > Flashcards

Radiation, Ingredients Flashcards

1
Q

What is radiation?

A

Radiation refers to energy carried by either waves or particles. The carrier of wave energy is typically called the electromagnetic wave.

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2
Q

What are the main types of radiation?

A

The main types of radiation are ionizing and nonionizing radiation.

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3
Q

What is the primary ionizing source in industrial applications?

A

The primary ionizing source in industrial applications is the electron beam accelerator

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4
Q

What are the advantages of using an electron beam accelerator for ionizing radiation?

A

No need for additional materials like catalysts.
High processing performance and directivity.
Easy operation and maintenance.

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5
Q

What are some examples of nonionizing radiation?

A

Examples of nonionizing radiation include microwaves, radio waves, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

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6
Q

What are the typical uses of nonionizing radiation in industrial processes?

A

Nonionizing radiation is used to speed up processing through heating, drying, or curing.

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7
Q

How does radiation affect polymers?

A

Radiation can break chemical bonds and rearrange atoms in polymers, leading to new structures or improved properties.

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8
Q

What are some effects of radiation on plastics?

A

Damage to plastics.
Improvement in properties.
Initiation of polymerization.
Grafting of new materials onto polymers.

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9
Q

What are the advantages of radiation processing for plastics?

A

Improved plastic properties.
Faster production.
No physical contact needed with materials.
Easier control of machine sources with less shielding.

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of radiation processing?

A

High costs for gamma radiation equipment.
Need for specialized handling and trained personnel.
Potential safety risks for operators.

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11
Q

Why are additional ingredients added to plastics?

A

To improve processability, reduce material costs, decrease shrinkage, enhance thermal and electrical properties, prevent degradation, provide desired color, and improve mechanical strength.

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12
Q

What are the three main categories of plastic ingredients?

A

Reinforcements, fillers, and additives.

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13
Q

Name three examples of additives used in plastics.

A

Antioxidants, antistatic agents, and colorants.

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14
Q

What is the role of antioxidants in plastics?

A

Antioxidants slow down or stop oxidation, which breaks down polymer bonds.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of antistatic agents in plastics?

A

They attract moisture from the air to make the plastic surface more conductive and dissipate static charges.

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16
Q

What are some common chemicals used as antistatic agents?

A

Amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, organic phosphates.

17
Q

What is the difference between dyes and pigments in plastics?

A

Dyes are soluble in plastics and form chemical links, suitable for transparent products but with poor thermal and light stability. Pigments are not soluble, requiring even dispersion, and are ideal for opaque products.

18
Q

What are special-effect pigments, and where are they commonly used?

A

These include metallic flakes or luminescent materials that add visual effects, often used in automotive finishes for metallic sheens or iridescent appearances.

19
Q

What are the four types of colorants used in plastics?

A

Dyes, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, and special-effect pigments.

20
Q

What is a disadvantage of using dyes in plastics?

A

They have poor thermal and light stability.

21
Q

Why are inorganic pigments preferred for opaque-colored plastics?

A

They are heat- and light-stable, though less brilliant than organic pigments.

22
Q

What is the main function of reinforcements in plastics?

A

To increase strength without dissolving into the polymer matrix.

23
Q

What are nanocomposites, and give an example of their use?

A

Nanocomposites are fillers submicron in size, like clay/nylon used in Toyota’s timing belt covers.

24
Q

What is a large-scale filler, and what is its purpose?

A

A large-scale filler, such as silica, improves heat resistance and physical properties while being cost-effective.

25
Q

What do UV stabilizers do in plastics?

A

They protect plastics from UV-induced degradation, such as crazing and chalking. Eg. HALS

26
Q

How do lubricants benefit plastic processing?

A

They reduce friction, assist emulsification, and prevent sticking during and after processing.

27
Q

What are nucleating agents, and what is their role?

A

They increase crystallinity and shorten cycle times during processing.

28
Q

What are examples of processing aids in plastics?

A

Solvents, emulsifiers, and antiblocking agents

29
Q

Purpose of plasticizers?

A

To increase flexibility, reduce melt T, lower viscosity.
Produce more flexible polymer and designed not to evaporate from the polymer during normal service life.

Plastic Composite (6 decks)

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