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Geology 150: Climate Change > Radiation & Heat > Flashcards

Radiation & Heat Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the average surface temp of our planet?

A

14.5C

Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
- the average surface temp of our planet in K = 288 K

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2
Q

What is heat

A

the transfer of energy

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3
Q

What is energy

A

the capacity for doing work

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4
Q

What is entropy

A

the capacity for chaos (measure of disorder)

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5
Q

What is radiation

A

the transfer of energy between the Earth and the Sun

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6
Q

What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics

A

Law of Conservation

Law of Flows

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7
Q

Every object that has a temperature above ___ Kelvin is emitting energy

A

zero

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8
Q

What is steady state?

A

the planet is keeping some portion of the Energy coming in with excess energy flowing out

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9
Q

a fundamental way in which light moves from one location to another

A

What is Electromagnetic Radiation

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10
Q

What are the 2 conceptual models for light?

A

Wave description

Particle description

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11
Q

speed is ______ but the wavelength ________

A

constant ; varies

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12
Q

Wave description

A

light behaves as a wave

  • composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields
  • arise from the motions of electrical charges
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13
Q

Particle description

A

light consists of streams of particle-like entities called “photons”

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14
Q

If molecules have the same oscillation as radiation ______, they can interact with each other (known as the _________) and cause the atom to become more ________ .

A

light ; greenhouse effect ; energetic

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15
Q

All _________ travels at the speed of light

A

radiation

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16
Q

What is Electromagnetic radiation

A

refers to the fact that when energy is transferred through a wave property in which there is matter (i.e. molecules) it can interact with that mass

17
Q

Blackbodies

A

a perfect absorber and a perfect emitter of radiation that emits the maximum amount of radiation and absorbs all the radiation reaching it

18
Q

What determines the temperature of a blackbody?

A

the amount of radiation being absorbed minus the amount of radiation being emitted

19
Q

What is Planck’s Law

A

objects at higher temps (like the sun) emit most of their energy at shorter wavelengths (UV and Visible). objects at colder temps (like the Earth) emit most of their energy in the longer wavelengths

20
Q

Most radiation is emitted from the sun at the ______ and ________ region.

A

visible ; UV

21
Q

What is the Stefan Boltzmann Law

A

the total energy flux emitted by a blackbody across all wavelengths is proportional to the 4th power of the absolute temp of the object

22
Q

What law tells us how much energy is being given off per area?

A

Stefan Boltzmann Law

23
Q

What is the surface area of the sun?

A

6.07 x 10^18

24
Q

if the temp is ________, then a body emits zero radiation

A

zero

25
Q

What is the average solar flux?

A

Intercepted incoming radiation/earth’s surface area

26
Q

What is Emissivity

A

the efficiency of a black body to emit radiation in thermal equilibrium

27
Q

What is albedo?

A

the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon.

28
Q

_______ is the most abundant greenhouse gas in our atmosphere

A

Water

29
Q

the composition of the ________ determines the temp of our planet

A

atmosphere

30
Q

_________ blocks shortwave radiation from the sun. (important)

A

atmosphere

31
Q

Only about __% of radiation makes it to Earth’s surface

A

45

32
Q

3 types of Solar Radiation Distribution

A

Absorption
Reflection
Scattering

33
Q

What is the solar constant?

A

The rate that solar radiation strikes a flat surface on the outer edge of the atmosphere, perpendicular to the radiation when Earth is at its mean distance from the sun

Geology 150: Climate Change (5 decks)

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