Radiation Biology 2 Flashcards
- A collection of signs and symptoms following acute whole-body radiation exposure
- Information derived from animal experiments, patient therapeutic radiation exposures, atomic bombings and radiation accidents.
Acute radiation syndrome
How many Gy is considered sub lethal for acute radiation syndrome?
<2 Gy
How many Gy is considered lethal for acute radiation syndrome?
2-8 Gy
How many Gy is considered supralethal for acute radiation syndrome?
> 8 Gy
______ syndrome of ARS:
< 2 Gy(< 200 Rads)a sub-lethal exposure
•Shortly after exposure to whole-body radiation, an individual may develop nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; anorexia;
Causes general malaise, fatigue, drowsiness and listlessness
Symptoms resolve after several weeks
Prodromal syndrome
_____ syndrome of ARS:
(2 -10 Gy)(200 –1,000 Rads)
•irreversible injury to the proliferative capacity of the spleen and bone marrow with loss of circulating peripheral blood cells
•infection from the lymphopenia and granulocytopenia
•hemorrhage from thrombocytopenia
•anemia from the erythrocytopenia•Death within 10 -30 days.
Hemopoietic syndrome
_______ syndrome of ARS:
(10 -100 Gy)(1,000 Rads –10,000 Rads)
•extensive damage to the GI system (in addition to the hemopoietic system)
•There is extensive injury to the rapidly proliferating basal epithelial cells of the intestinal villi which leads to atrophy and ulceration.
•loss of plasma and electrolytes
•hemorrhage and ulceration
•diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss•Infection•Death in 3 -5 days
GI syndrome
_____ syndrome of ARS:
(> 100 Gy)(>10,000 Rads)
•radiation induced damage to neurons and fine vasculature of brain
•Intermittent stupor, incoordination, disorientation, and convulsions from extensive CNS damage
•irreversible damage with death in a few minutes to 48 hours
CARDIOVASCULAR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYNDROME
- Combined surgical, radiation and chemotherapy often provides the optimum treatment
- Oral tissues are subjected to high doses of radiation during the treatment of malignant tumors of the soft palate, tonsils, floor of the mouth, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx
- Total radiation doses to treat malignant tumors ranges from 6,000 -8,000 Rads. Or 60 -80 Gy (lethal to whole body but are localized to combat this)
Radiation Therapy
Are the radiation doses of radiation therapy lethal to whole body?
Yes; but it is more localized
\_\_\_\_ effects on oral cavity •Mucosa:-mucositis-20infections •Taste Buds: -loss of taste •Salivary Glands: -xerostomia •Teeth: -lack of or retarded development-radiation caries •Bone: -osteoradionecrosis •Muscle: -fibrosis
Radiation
- Epithelial atrophy, xerostomia and mucositis all result in loss of taste by the 2nd-3rd week of treatment
- recovery of taste sensitivity will occur in 2 -4 months following treatment
(hypoguesia)
T/F: Radiation does not increase the solubility of adult teeth
True
Do adult or developing teeth suffer greater effects in relation to retarded growth?
Developing teeth
•A rampant form of decay that may affect individuals who received a course of radiation therapy that include exposure of the salivary glands
Radiation caries
