Radiation

Question 1

RBE (relative biologic effectiveness) is the different LETS to produce biological affects at what KVP

Answer 1

250KvP

Question 2

What is low LET

Answer 2

(Low energy transfer) is 2/3 radiation damage caused by free radicals of electromagnetic radiation ** indirect effect and Direct effect

Question 3

What is high LET

Answer 3

Alpha particles, heavy nuclei and they travel short lengths because they lose their energy quickly!

Question 4

Direct affect is biologic damage with the incident radiation that breaks the DNA

Answer 4

Directly and it can be either low let or high let

Question 5

What is indirect effect

Answer 5

Free radicals created by interaction of radiation and water!!

That’s normally occurs only with low let a.k.a. gamma rays and x-rays (ionizing radiation)

Question 6

Double strand DNA on the same rung will cause

Answer 6

Mutation DNA - a loss or change of base DNA chain

Question 7

Random hits of radiation or random events by incident radiation is also known as

Answer 7

Target Theory

Question 8

Programmed cell death formally known as interphase death most sensitive lymphocytes in spermatic

Answer 8

Aptosis

Question 9

Mitotic death results in less dose than

Answer 9

Aptosis

Question 10

X-rays and gamma rays referred to as a stream of particles is also known as

Answer 10

Wave particle duality

Question 11

ARS – a cute radiation syndrome

Three syndromes associated are

Answer 11

Hematopoeitic - bone marrow 1-10gy
GI - 6-10Gy
Cerebrovaxcular - above 50 gy

Question 12

10 to 20 KVP historically used to treat ringworm is known as

Answer 12

Grenz rays

Question 13

Lethal dose of the population 50/30 but what which is more accurate for human race?

Answer 13

50/60

50% of the population and 60 days

Question 14

90% of radiation damage can be repaired over time but

Answer 14

10% is irreparable

Question 15

Relative risk versus absolute Risk

Answer 15

Relative risk predict the number of cancers that arise from natural incidence of cancer with the age of population

Absolute risk is a specific number of malignancies that will result of radiation exposure

Question 16

Congenital abnormalities are most likely to occur at how many weeks

Answer 16

10 days to 12 weeks (2-12weeks)

Question 17

What was the outcome of the Chernobyl power plant accident

Answer 17

Thyroid cancer in children

Question 18

Hiroshima atomic bomb survivors from Japan and Nagasaki indicated what

Answer 18

Leukemia but not enough research for a late affect

Question 19

The watch dial painters used radium therefore have higher risk of

Answer 19

Radiation Cataractogenesis

Question 20

For the AP lumbar spine what can be done to Eliminate OID from the spine to the IR

Answer 20

Flex the knees

Question 21

Taking the lumbar spine prone PA reduces the ovarian dose by

Answer 21

25 to 30% but resolution will be lower

Question 22

The level of the iliac crest is at the level of

Level of the ASIS is that the level of

Answer 22

L4-L5

S1-s2

Question 23

Cine mode and fluoroscopy requires 15 times more radiation and 15 —

Answer 23

Frames per second

Question 24

1 Rem= ____ sieverts

Answer 24

.01 Sieverts

Question 25

During cell phases the Most radiosensitive phase is

Answer 25

Metaphase

Question 26

And cell division the resting phase is

Answer 26

Interphase

Question 27

Reproductive cell division is

Answer 27

Meiosis

Question 28

three actions are required for invasive procedure: Pre-procedure verification site marking time out

Answer 28

Universal protocol

Question 29

Sthenic patients take up____% of population | hyposthenic patients ____%

Answer 29

50% | 35%

Question 30

Skin erythema cataracts Epilation

Answer 30

2 Gy 1-2 Gy 7 gy

Question 31

To reduce motion blur pole switches should be no greater than ________ for infant/children ______ adults

Answer 31

4-5 milliseconds | 8 milliseconds

Question 32

Somatic affects are bodily effects that can be either:

Answer 32

stochastic or nonstochastic/deterministic

Question 33

Random in nature, no threshold, genetic affects, cancer | Define which type of somatic affect

Answer 33

Stochastic

Question 34

Threshold, skin burns, hair epilation are examples of which somatic effects

Answer 34

Deterministic

Question 35

The inverse square law indicates that increasing the distance by half will Reduce exposure by

Answer 35

4

Question 36

Proper Filtration reduces patient does by

Answer 36

90%

Question 37

Intermittent flouro reduces patient dose by

Answer 37

90%

Question 38

Skin erythema can occur in fluoroscopy after what length of time

Answer 38

10minutes 12 seconds

Question 39

Minimum lead apron requirement for fluoroscopy

Answer 39

.25 mm lead

Question 40

The requirement for lead glasses

Answer 40

.35 mm lead

Question 41

The protective curtain on a fluoroscopy machine must be

Answer 41

.25mm lead thickness

Question 42

The ability to detect fine detail

Answer 42

Visual acuity

Question 43

Stationary flouro and mobile C-arm flouro SSD requirements

Answer 43

Stationary -38cm (15 inches) | Mobile -30cm (12inches)

Question 44

Once the electrons hit the target on the anode side what happens

Answer 44

Rapid deceleration which creates x-ray photons

Question 45

The cathode is the negative side that contains the tungsten filament And the

Answer 45

Focusing cup

Question 46

Occupational exposure requirements Annual Eyes Skin hands feet

Answer 46

``` Annual 50mSv (5rem) Eyes 150mSv (15rem) Skin hands feet 500 mSv (50rem) ```

Question 47

Negligible individual dose is

Answer 47

NID= .01mSv

Question 48

The public effective dose or frequent exposure and unfrequent exposure

Answer 48

Frequent 1 mSv | Infrequent 5mSv

Question 49

An embryo total exposure must not exceed

Answer 49

5 mSv | Monthly .5mSv

Question 50

BUN numbers should stay between

Answer 50

7-21 (anything above is abnormal)

Question 51

Creatinine levels should be between

Answer 51

.7-1.5 (anything above can’t filter properly)

Question 52

GFR should stay between

Answer 52

90 to 120 | Under 90 is problematic

Question 53

The exposure reproductibility is three exposures at the same result and should stay within

Answer 53

5%!

Question 54

Exposure linearity uses the same KVP and same mass but with different MA stations and should be within

Answer 54

10%