Patient Care Flashcards by Michelle Niewinski

The agency that grants recognition to an institution for a program

Accreditation

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The agency that grants recognition to an individual by exam

Certification

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Essentials and guidelines or standards details to minimum requirements for accredited programs to operate a.k.a. Board of Directors

Joint review committee

JRC

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Activities that decrease the negative affects of stress

Buffers

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State licensing agencies for control of equipment and technologist

Nuclear regulatory commission NRC

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Medical director is responsible for all quality improvement activities

TJC the joint commission

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Rontgen was born on

November 8, 1895

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The capacity to do work

Any process that loses or gains an electron

Energy

Ionization

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X-rays that exit an object or patient

RemNant radiation

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Controls the image brightness

Controls the image contrast

Window level

Window width

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When x-rays strike the target 99% is heat and one percent is

Xrays

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The source of electrons is

The vacuum

For filament

The tube housing

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The invisible image created after exposure but before processing

Latent image

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The recorded detail on a radiograph

Resolution

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And direct capture DR x-ray photons are observed via coding material that is converted into electrical send signal called

Amorphous selenium a-Se

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There are two types of indirect capture detectors

CCD and TFT

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X-rays are heterogenerous

KVP determines the highest peak possible but photons range from zero to Peak value

Aka heterogeneous

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The positive electrode of the x-ray tube

The anode

Making the cathode negative

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The electrical component that because this is polarity with a negative and positive terminal

Diode

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When temperature is increased to the point of boiling off electrons

Thermionic emission

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The tube stand or ______suspension supports the x-ray tube and allows the radiographer to position it as needed over in around the patient

OTC -over head tubeCrain

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Noisy or grainy images results in underexpose while overexposure will produce images with

Low contrast

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Is important to note that photons or x-rays have no mass and no

Charge

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A radiology procedure that acquires as many as the 60 low-dose projection images during a single x-ray tube detector sweep in one breath hold

Tomosynthesis

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Naturally occurring radioactive substance substances present on earth are

Uranium in radium which can be inhaled or ingested or food water or air (radon)

The greatest source of handmade radiation is

Man-made medical and dental exposures/radiation

The filament consists of tungsten which provides the

Source of electrons

Once the electric current or MA is applied to the filament it begins boiling off electrons aka

Thermionic emission

X-rays are produced when the electron strike the

Anode target Producing and measuring KeV From KvP

The two ways the x-rays interact with the patient and occupational worker Are called

Compton scattering & photoelectric interaction

X-rays that are low energy levels changes direction but travel in a straight direction

Classic Thompson or coherent scattering

Incoming x-ray photons strikes the inner shell electron. Also creates Complete energy absorption

Photoelectric affect

Incoming x-ray photons strike a target Adam and uses a portion of that energy to reject an outer shell electrons. Compton scattering effects

The occupational worker

Incoming photon must have a minimum of 1.02 MEVE it approaches the nucleus and interacts with its force field it—

Pair production

X-ray photons possessing minimum of 10 MED interacts directly with the nucleus by disintegrating it

Photodisintegration

possess a total of 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs and they divide through

mitosis

Reproductive cells of the organism that for possess half the number of chromosomes for a total of 23 which reproduce see the process of

Meiosis

The theory that proposes that any type of radiation transfers its energy directly to the key molecule it has struck

Direct hit theory

When key molecules are affected by radiation depositing his energy elsewhere in the cell

Indirect theory (cells 80% water) Radiation and gamma radiation or the majority of cellular damage of results of indirect hits

The first stage of radiation exposure also known as the pre-drama stage is called

NVD | Nausea vomiting diarrhea

The second stage of radiation exposure is called

The latent period | The body is undergoing changes but organism feels well

The last period of radiation exposure is called

Manifest stage -where the organism feel the entire effects of exposure

Radiation syndrome’s include

Bone marrow syndrome - 2-10Gy G.I. syndrome- 10-50 Gy CNS syndrome- 50 Gy or above

Somatic effects in an individual can induce what two effects

Cataracts and carcinogenesis | The lens of the eye is the most sensitive to radiation

Genetic affects occur by damaging germs cells and

Future generations to come

Who requires that all persons must include the right to declare or not to Declare pregnancy status as an occupational worker

NRC | It must be in writing be dated and estimated month of conception

The dosimeter that consists of aluminum oxide and advantage is that it does not become affected by heat or moisture is

OSL | Optically stimulated luminescence

The dosimeter that contains lithium fluoride crystals to absorb portions of energy they receive from radiation

TLD | Thermal luminescent this amateur

Diverse background people slowly give up their original cultural language

Assimilation

One’s tendency to view the normal values of the individuals own culture and using them as a standard

Ethnocentrism

``` Self actualization aesthetics need to know Self steam belongingness and love safety physiologic ```

Maslow’s hiearchy of needs

Communication levels (Birth to 1 year) Toddler’s 1 to 3

Facial expressions Simple one word understanding only understand concepts of right now

School aged 5 to 10 years old Adolescence 10 to 25 years old

Seven years old begin to think logically and analyze situations Body awareness and modesty is particularly important

Elizabeth Kubler Ross acceptance of events:

``` Denial and isolation Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance ```

Ways to increase the base of support

Standing with feet further apart to increase to port center of gravity is approximately at cycle level

The stability muscles are found in the Lifting should be done by

Torso Bending and straightening the knees keeping the back street

A drop in blood pressure when a person stands

Orthostatic hypotension

When a patient is ambulatory

Able to walk

Recognizing and entering the feelings of another person

Empathy

The relationship of harmony between two persons between patient and physician

Report

Vasodilation and sweating

Diaphoresis

The hypothalamus is an important role for body temperature shivering is to

Produce heat while vasoconstriction as to conserve heat

A patient’s normal body temperature is A patient’s normal blood pressure should be Child respiration Adult respiration

97.7 to 99.5 120/80 20-30 12-20

A fever over 99.5 is also known ass

Hyperthermia —while a patient with a fever it’s called febrile.

Persistent blood pressure above 140/90 is known ass

Hypertension

The catheter tip of a pick line should be located in the superior vena cava approximately 2 to 3 cm above

The right atrial junction

The most common in certain site for CV catheters is there

Subclavian vein

pulmonary artery (PA)lines are commonly called

Swans Gansz catheters which have a balloon located at the distal end to keep them in place

The process of depolarization and repolarization or is Asian of the heart are called

Action potential

Depolarization occurs when myocardial cells are stimulated to

Contract ...while repolarization is resting

SA node is also called the

Pacemaker of the heart

An infection acquired by a hospital And object harboring pathogenic microorganisms

Nosocomial Fomite

Infection actively occurring by physician A carrier such as an animal that transfers and infected agent

Iatrogenic Vector

Prokaryotic single celled organisms Organisms with a true nucleus

Bacteria Eukaryotes

Fungi such as yeast and mold’s which are eukaryotic with a nucleus

Fungi

greater size of bacteria that are eukaryotic and Are motile organisms

Protozoan parasites

Infections can be transmitted by the chain of infection:

Host infectious microorganism mode of transmission reservoir

The public exposure limits for the eyes, skin, hands, feet is

50mSv (5rem)

To inject drugs or by use of IV is to administer drugs

Parenterally