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GCSE Physics > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

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0
Q

What charge is on an Electron?

A

Negative.

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1
Q

What charge is on a Proton?

A

Positive.

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2
Q

What charge is on a Neutron?

A

Neutral.

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3
Q

What is most of an atom?

A

Empty space.

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4
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons v

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5
Q

What is a radioactive substance?

A

A substance that gives out radiation.

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6
Q

How can radioactive substances be stopped from giving out radiation?

A

There is no way.

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7
Q

What is the pattern of Radioactive decay?

A

Random.

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8
Q

How does temperature affect radioactive decay?

A

It doesn’t.

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9
Q

What is background radiation?

A

Radiation that is always there.

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10
Q

What is an alpha particle made of?

A

Helium nuclei.

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11
Q

What is a Helium Nuclei made of?

A

Two neutrons and two protons

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12
Q

How fast do alpha particles move?

A

Slowly.

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13
Q

What is the penetration of alpha particles?

A

Very little penetration that doesn’t go far.

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14
Q

How ionising are Alpha particles and how does this affect penetration?

A

They are large, so are very ionising. They hit a lot of atoms and knock of their electrons and this causes them to slow down.

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15
Q

What does ionising mean?

A

Bashing off the electrons of other atoms.

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16
Q

What are beta particles made of?

A

Electrons

17
Q

What is less penetrating than Beta radiation?

A

Alpha

18
Q

What is more penetrating than Beta?

A

Gamma

19
Q

How fast do beta particles travel?

A

Quite fast.

They’re I between gamma and alpha

20
Q

What is the range for Beta particles like?

A

They have a wide range in air but because they’re moderately ionising they only slightly penetrate.

21
Q

What is a beta particles charge?

A

Minus one

22
Q

How ionising are beta particles!

A

Moderately.

They’re in between gamma and alpha.

23
Q

What are gamma rays made of?

A

Short EM waves.

24
Q

What is the penetration of Gamma rays?

A

They penetrate very far and cannot be stopped by air b

25
Q

How ionising are gamma rays?

A

They are weakly ionising.

They pass through rather than collide with atoms

26
Q

What is the charge of Gamma rays?

A

None, they have no charge.

27
Q

What is the charge of an Alpha particle?

A

Positive.

28
Q

What is the mass of a gamma ray?

A

Zero.

29
Q

Name a job that increases does of radiation?

A

Radiographer
Nuclear industry workers
Uranium miners

30
Q

How can alpha and era particles be deflected?

A

They get deflected by electric and magnetic fields.

31
Q

Why do alpha particles get deflected by magnetic or electric fields?

A

Because they have a positive charge.

32
Q

Why do Beta particles get deflected by an electric or magnetic field?

A

They have a negative charge.

33
Q

What is the half life?

A

The average time it takes for the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample to have halved.

34
Q

What sort of radiation does a smoke detector use?

A

Alpha.

35
Q

How does a fire alarm work?

A

The ionisation of alpha particles creates a current.
If there is a fire the smoke will absorb the radiation and the current stops.

This is when the alarm sounds.

36
Q

What sorts of radiation are used in tracers?

A

Beta or gamma.

37
Q

Why is Alpha not used in medical tracers?

A

It won’t pass out the body quickly and will ionise cells

38
Q

What is radiotherapy?

A

Using gamma rays to kill cancerous cells.

39
Q

What sort of radiation is used in sterilisation of food?

A

Gamma rays.

40
Q

How do gamma rays sterilise food and medical instruments?

A

It kills all the microbes.

41
Q

What is the advantage of irradiation over boiling?

A

It doesn’t involve high temperatures

GCSE Physics (2 decks)

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