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Physics (AQA) > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of radiation?

A
  1. Alpha
  2. Beta
  3. Gamma
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2
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

A helium nucleus consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

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3
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

A high speed electron

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4
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

A gamma ray with a short wavelength

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5
Q

What is used to detect radiation?

A

A Geiger-Muller Tube (GM) with a counter attached

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6
Q

How ionising is alpha radiation?

A

High

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7
Q

How ionising is beta radiation?

A

Medium

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8
Q

How ionising is gamma radiation?

A

Low

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9
Q

How penetrating is alpha radiation?

A

Low

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10
Q

How penetrating is beta radiation?

A

Medium

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11
Q

How penetrating is gamma radiation?

A

High

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12
Q

What is half-life?

A

The average time taken for half of the nuclei to decay

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13
Q

What is nuclear fission?

A

Where a nucleus splits into smaller fragments

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14
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

When two smaller nuclei collide to form a large nucleus

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15
Q

How can you stop a chain reaction from a fission event?

A

Use control rods which absorb neutrons before they can reach another nucleus

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16
Q

How do nuclear power plants produce energy from nuclear fission?

A

When a nucleus splits, the fission fragments fly apart at high speeds, which is transferred to thermal energy. all this heat energy is used to transfer heat from the reactor to a heat exchanger which then boils water to drive a turbine which turns a generator

17
Q

What is irradiation?

A

When something has been exposed to radiation

18
Q

What is contamination?

A

When the atoms of some nuclear material have been absorbed or stuck on the person

19
Q

What did JJ Thomson discover?

A

The electron and proposed the plum pudding model

20
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

A

He fired alpha particles at a sheet of thin gold film. He found that most particles penetrated through but some were slightly deflected and a very small amount turned back. He discovered the nucleus was very small and very massive

21
Q

What did Niels Bohr do?

A

He adapted Rutherford’s nuclear model to have shells that orbit at fixed distances from the nucleus.

Physics (AQA) (6 decks)

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