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Physics > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is atomic mass

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

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2
Q

What is an atomic number

A

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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3
Q

How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom using the periodic table?

A

The atomic number which is at the bottom (same as the protons)

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4
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons in an atom using the periodic table?

A

Mass number (top) - atomic number (bottom)

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5
Q

What does alpha radiation consist of?

A

2 protons & 2 neutrons (helium nucleus)

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6
Q

What does beta radiation consist of?

A

High energy electron

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7
Q

What does gamma radiation consist of?

A

Electromagnetic wave

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8
Q

What stops alpha radiation?

A

A few cm of air, skin or sheet of paper

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9
Q

what stops beta radiation?

A

A few millimetres of aluminium or metres of air

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10
Q

What stops gamma radiation?

A

Several metres of concrete or several centimetres of lead

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11
Q

What are some examples of background radiation?

A

Ground and buildings
Radon gas
Food and drink
Cosmic rays
Medical
Nuclear power
Weapons

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12
Q

What is the charge of alpha radiation?

A

+2 charge

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13
Q

What is the charge of beta radiation?

A

-1 charge

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14
Q

What is the charge of gamma radiation?

A

no charge

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15
Q

How ionising is alpha radiation?

A

Highly ionising

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16
Q

How ionising is beta radiation?

A

Less ionising that alpha

17
Q

How ionising is gamma radiation?

A

Less inning than beta (very low)

18
Q

How far can alpha radiation travel in air?

A

A few cm

19
Q

How far can beta radiation travel in air?

A

A few m

20
Q

How far can gamma radiation travel in air?

A

A very long way

21
Q

How penetrating is alpha radiation?

A

Low

22
Q

How penetrating is beta radiation?

A

Better than alpha

23
Q

How penetrating is gamma radiation?

A

Very penetrating

24
Q

What is ionisation?

A

When an atom loses / gains electrons and therefore has a charge

25
Q

What is the average radiation dose in a year?

A

2mSv

26
Q

Why is it impossible to avoid radiation?

A

It is in the atmosphere

27
Q

Why is alpha radiation the most ionising?

A

It has the biggest mass

28
Q

Why is radon gas dangerous if inhaled but not as dangerous from the outside?

A

It emits alpha radiation which is highly ionising if inhaled but outside it’s not penetrating / meaning it cannot enter through the skin

29
Q

What is the unit for radiation dose?

A

sievent (SU)

30
Q

Does radon gas contaminate or irradiate you?

A

Irradiate because you are exposed to it (it’s not inside you)

31
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Physics (8 decks)

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