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phys 1 > radiation > Flashcards

radiation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of radiation

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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2
Q

what is alpha radiation

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

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3
Q

what is beta radiation

A

a fast moving electron

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4
Q

what is gamma radiation

A

an EM wave

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5
Q

which type of radiation is the most ionising

A

alpha

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6
Q

which type of radiation is the least ionising

A

gamma

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7
Q

which type of radiation can be stopped by a piece of paper

A

alpha

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8
Q

which type of radiation is very difficult to stop

A

gamma

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9
Q

what type of radiation is stopped by aluminium

A

beta

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10
Q

which type of radiation is stopped by several centimetres of lead or meters of concrete

A

gamma

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11
Q

what is the activity of a radioactive source

A

the rate of decay of an unstable nucleus

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12
Q

what is activity measured in

A

becquerels

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13
Q

what is the count rate

A

number of decays per second

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14
Q

what is the equation for count rate

A

count rate after N lives = initial count rate / 2 ^N

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15
Q

what is half life

A

either
the time it takes for half the number of unstable nuclei in a sample to decay
or
the time taken for the count rate or activity of a source to halve

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16
Q

what is the equation for net decline

A

reduction in activity / original activity

17
Q

what is irradiation

A

when a substance is exposed to nuclear radiation

18
Q

what is contamination

A

when atoms from a radioactive material are on or in an object

19
Q

how is irradiation prevented

A

shielding , removing or moving away from the radioactive source

20
Q

how is contamination prevented

A

it can’t really as the effects from the radiation continue for as long as the object is contaminated and contamination is difficult to remove

21
Q

how do can you protect yourself from contamination and irradiation

A

maintaining distance from the radioactive source
limit time near the source
shield from the radiation

phys 1 (4 decks)

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