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Rad > Rad10B Chap 2 > Flashcards

Rad10B Chap 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aspiration

A

when foreign objects are swallowed/aspirated into air passage; PA/LAT upper airway

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2
Q

Atelectosis

A

disease in which collapse of all/portion of lung; PA/LAT (PA insp. & exp)

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3
Q

Bronchiectosis

A

irreversible dilation /widening of bronchi/bronchioles; PA/LAT with bronchogram/CT

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4
Q

Bronchitis

A

an acute (ST) or chronic (LT) irritation of bronchi; PA/LAT

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5
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

most common form of emphysema; PA/LAT

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6
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

most common INHERITED disease, in which secretions of heavy mucus cause progressive ‘clogging’ of bronchi & bronchioles; PA/LAT

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7
Q

Dyspnea

A

condition of shortness of breath; PA/LAT

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8
Q

Emphysema

A

irreversible & chromic lung disease in which spaces in alveoli become greatly enlarged as a result of alveolar wall destruction; PA/LAT

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9
Q

Epiglottis

A

common in ages 2-5, develops rapidly; PA/LAT

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10
Q

Lung Neoplasm

A

refers to new growth/tumor; may be Benign or MalignantN

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11
Q

Benign (Hamartoma)

A

noncancerous; pulmonary mass and generally found in peripheral regions of lungs; PA/LAT

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12
Q

Malignant

A

cancerous; starts in bronchi (bronchigenic); PA/LAT/CT

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13
Q

Occupational Lung Disease

A

forms of pneumoconiosis; arises from occupational exposures, such mine work, sandblasting, and similar positions; 3 types are silicosis, asbestosis, and anthracosis

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14
Q

Anthracosis

A

aka black lung pneumoconiosis, caused by coal dust;

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15
Q

Asbestosis

A

caused by inhalation of asbestos dust (fibers), in which result in pulmonary fibrosis, especially in smokers

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16
Q

Silicosis

A

permanent condition of lungs that’s caused by inhalation of silica (quartz), twice likely to get TB than others w/o

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17
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

(outdated term is hydrothorax); condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity; LAT/DECUBITUS w AFFECTED SIDE DOWN, erect positioning

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18
Q

Empyema

A

occurs when the fluid is PUS; type of pleural effusion

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19
Q

Hemothorax

A

occurs when the fluid is BLOD; type of pleural effusion

20
Q

Pleurisy

A

characterized by inflammation (caused by virus/bacterium) of pleura; PA/LAT

21
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of lungs that result in accumulation of fluid w/in certain sections of lungs; 4 types; PA/LAT

22
Q

Aspiration pnuemonia

A

type of pneumonia; foreign object/food into lungs which irritates the bronchi resulting in edema

23
Q

Bronchopnuemonia

A

bronchitis in both lungs, caused by staph/strep bacteria

24
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

generally confined to one/two lobes of lungs

25
Q

Viral (interstitial) pneumonia

A

inflammation of alveoli and connecting lung structures

26
Q

Pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air in pleural cavity; erect PA/LAT or LAT DECU w AFFECTED SIDE UP

27
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

condition most frequently associated with congestive heart failure; PA/LAT or Horizontal beam (DECUB.)

28
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

A

commonly called hyaline membrane disease (HMD) & adult RDS (ARDS); emergent condition in which alveoli and capillaries of lung are injured/infected, resulting in leakage of fluid + blood into spaces between alveoli; PA/LAT erect

29
Q

TB

A

contagious disease (potentially fatal) that’s caused by airborne bacteria

30
Q

Primary TB

A

TB occurs in person for the first time; Hilar enlargement + along with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (important indicator of primary tb); PA/LAT

31
Q

Reactivation TB

A

secondary; develops in adults, upward retraction of hila is frequently evident; AP LORDOTIC/PA/LAT

32
Q

Bony Thorax

A

protective framework; consists of sternum, clavicles, scapulae, 12 ribs and 12 Thoracic vertebra

33
Q

Purpose of respiratory system

A

gas exchange between air & blood

34
Q

4 divisions of respiratory system

A

pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

35
Q

Pharynx

A

serves as a passageway for food/fluids as well as air

36
Q

Trachea

A

connects bronchi and larynx

37
Q

Diaphragm

A

primary muscle for inspiration; inferior to the lungs

38
Q

Important landmarks

A

Vertebra Prominens (C7) & Jugular Notch (level of of T7)

39
Q

Larynx

A

“voicebox”; upper margin is at lvl of C3 & lower margin is at lvl of C6;

40
Q

Laryngeal prominence

A

level of C5; aka Adam’s apple

41
Q

thyroid gland

A

store certain hormones & releases them slowly to aid regulation of body metabolism

42
Q

parathyroid gland

A

attached to each thyroid lobe (total of 4); stores & secretes certain hormones that aid specific blood functions

43
Q

thymus gland

A

inferior to thyroid & anterior + supeior to heart

44
Q

Bronchi

A

trachea bifurcates at the craina to form R & L bronchi

45
Q

what makes the right bronchi unique?

A

it’s wider & shorter, and more vertical; prone to have particles descending the trachea; 3 lobes

46
Q

4 important structures located in mediastinum

A

Heart (it’s great vessels), trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland

Rad (4 decks)

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