Rad POS testing Flashcards
What does the term ‘varus’ refer to?
B. turned inward
2
Which elbow fat pad is not visibly radiographically in the lateral projection of the normal elbow?
3
What could be done to improve the lateral (mediolateral) projection of the knee?
Rotate pelvis slightly back/posteriorly
angle 5 degrees cephalic
4
The proximal radius and ulna seen free of superimposition in which of the following projections?
A. AP elbow
B. Lateral elbow
C. Medial oblique elbow
D. Lateral oblique elbow
Lateral oblique elbow
(external)
5
An RPO position poorly demonstrates the lumbar zygapophyseal articulations and the pedicles are seen on the posterior portion of the vertebral body. What does this indicate?
A. Excessive rotation
B. Insufficient rotation
C. Pelvic tilt
D. Correct positioning
Excessive rotation
(Too AP (anterior) = under rotation)
(Too lateral (posterior) = over rotated)
The term dorsal can refer to which three of the following?
1. Anterior surface of body
2. Back of the hand
3. Upper surface of the foot
4. Front of the hand
5. Posterior surface of the body
6. Lower surface of the foot
A. 1,4,6
B. 2,1,6
C. 2,3,5
D. 1,3,4
E. 3,4,5
C. 2,3,5
9
All of the following statements regarding a PA projection of the skull are true, except
A. The OML is perpendicular to the IR
B. The petrous ridges fill the orbits
C. the MSP is parallel to the IR
D. CR is perpendicular to the IR and exits at the nasion
C. The MSP is parallel to the IR
(It’s perpendicular)
8
All of the following statements regarding respiratory structures are true except
A. The right lung has two fissures
B. The inferior portion of a lung is its base
C. Each lung is enclosed in pleural membrane
D. The main stem bronchi enter the lung fissure
D.
11
a congenital defect in which the sternum is depressed posteriorly is termed:
A pectus carinatum
B pectus excavatum
C flail chest
D atelectasis
pectus excavatum
12
which of the following positions is used to demonstrate vertical patellar fractures and the patellofemoral articulation?
A AP knee
B Lateral Knee
C Tangential patella
D Tunnel view
C tangential patella
13
structures located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) include which of the following?
1 cecum
2 vermiform appendix
3 sigmoid
1 & 2
15
structures involved in blowout fractures include the:
1. orbital floor
2. inferior rectus muscle
3. zygoma
1 & 2
16
which of the following articulations participate in formation of the ankle mortise?
1 talotibial
2 talocalcaneal
3 talofibular
1 & 3
the ankle mortise (ankle joint) is formed by the articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus. Calcaneus is not a part of the formation of the ankle mortise
17
the upper surface of the foot may be described as the:
1 plantar surface
2 anterior surface
3 dorsum
2 & 3
18 double-contrast examinations of the stomach or large bowel are performed to better visualize the:
A position of the organ
B size and shape of the organ
C diverticula
D gastric or bowel mucosa
D.
air & barium coating helps best display the interior of the organ (mucosal lining) and the structures behind the organ. A barium filled stomach or large bowel demonstrates the position, size, and shape of the organ and lesion that projects out from its walls such as diverticula. polypoid lesion which project inward from the wall of an organ may go unnoticed unless a double contrast exam is performed.
The RPO position (judet method) of the right acetabulum will demonstrate the:
A anterior rim of the right acetabulum
B anterior iliopubic column
C left iliac wing
D posterior rim of the right acetabulum
A
with an external oblique/affected side down the posterior ilioischial column + anterior rim of the acetabulum (right iliac wing) are best shown. internal oblique/ affected side up the anterior iliopubic column /posterior rim of the acetabulum (left obturator foramen) are best shown
19
terms used to describe movement include:
1 extension
2 eversion
3 erect
B
20
which of the following is best demonstrated in the AP axial projection (Towne method) of the skull, with he CR directed 30 caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML) and exiting at the foramen magnum?
A occipital bone
B frontal bone
C facial bones
D basal foramina
A
the AP axial projection projects the anterior structures (frontal/facial bones) downward permitting visualization of the occipital bone without superimposition. Dorum sella and posterior clinoid processes should be visualized within the foramen magnum. another achievable positioning for this could be 37 caudad to the IOML
23
which of the following projections/positions is used to demonstrate a nearly frontal view of the sternum?
A AP
B PA
C RAO
D LAO
C RAO
In an AP/PA projection the sternum is superimposed over the thorax,. In RPO the heart superimposes the sternum with a homogenous tissue density
25
which of the following bones participate in the formation of the knee joint?
1 femur
2 tibia
3 patella
1 & 2
knee joint is called the tibiofemoral joint and is the largest joint in the body. Patella comes to form the patellofemoral joint
24
skeletal muscle is:
1 visceral
2 voluntary
3 striated
4 involuntary
3
26
how should a chest examination to rule out air-fluid levels be obtained on a patient with traumatic injuries?
A perform the examination in the Trendelenburg position
B erect inspiration and expiration images should be obtained
C include a lateral chest examination performed in a dorsal decubitus position
D perform the examination AP supine at 44-inch SID
C
erect chest images should be obtained whenever possible, however considering the trauma a AP supine image should first be taken and then a lateral with the patient in a dorsal decubitus position (patient supine) with a horizontal beam if we are looking for air-fluid-levels
27
In the axiolateral inferiosuperior projection of the hip the IR should be
A 2 inches medial to the ASIS
B Parallel to the central ray
C perpendicular to the femoral neck
D parallel to the femoral neck
D
Danielus-miller method or cross table
36
For an AP projection of the knee in a patient whose measurement from ASIS to tabletop is 17cm, which CR direction will be demonstrate the knee joint?
A. 3-5 caudad
B. 10 caudad
C. 3-5 cephalic
D. 0 degrees, perpendicular
A.
below 19cm is 3-5 caudad
19-24 is average and 0 degrees (perpendicular)
above 24cm is 3-5 cephalic
(measured using a caliper)
30
To better demonstrate the interphalangeal joints of the hand in the oblique position, the radiographer should
A oblique the hand no more than 45 degrees
B use a support sponge for the phalanges
C clench the fist to bring the carpals closer to the IR
D use ulnar flexion
B
the use of a 45 degree foam will ensure that the fingers will be extended and parallel to the IR, permitting best visualization of the interphalangeal joint and avoid foreshortening of the phalanges. Clenching the fist/ulnar deviation are maneuvers used to demonstrate the scaphoid carpal.
31
Traumatic rib fractures resulting in their detachment from the rib cage is termed:
A pectus carinatum
B pectus excavatum
C flail chest
D atelectasis
C
atelectasis is a partial collapse of the lung, while pectus excavatum is a congenital defect in which the sternum is depressed posteriorly (sunken look). Pectus carinatum is a condition where the sternum projects anteriorly (pigeon breast)
33
In the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine the CR should be directed:
A parallel to C4
B. perpendicular to C4
C. 15 cephalic to C4
D. 15 caudad to C4
D
caudad because we are shooting the image PA
32
the relationship between the fractured ends of the long bones is called:
A angulation
B apposition
C luxation
D sprain
B
34
in which of the following projections can small amounts of free air in peritoneal cavity be demonstrated?
A. left lateral decubitus
B. right lateral decubitus
C. AP Trendelenburg
D. AP supine
A
air fluid levels are best shown in decubitus or erect positions. The left lateral decubitus abdomen best visualizes air within the peritoneal cavity against the liver and away from air in the stomach
35
which of the following anatomic structures is seen most anteriorly in a lateral projection of the chest?
A. esophagus
B. trachea
C. Cardiac Apex
D. superimposed scapular border
C
cardiac apex
40
A patient is unable to extend his or her arm is seated at the en f the x-ray table, elbow is flexed 90 degrees. The CR is directed 45 degree medially (toward the shoulder). Which of the following structures will be demonstrated best?
1. radial head
2. capitulum
3. coronoid process
1 & 2
Coyle view
90 degree flexion and 45 toward the shoulder best displays the capitulum and radial head while the elbow flexed 80 degrees and 45 degrees away from the shoulder best displays the coronoid process
41
which of the following projections can be used to supplement the traditional “open-mouth” projection when the upper portion of the odontoid process cannot be well demonstrated?
A. AP or PA through the foramen magnum
B. AP oblique with right and left head rotation
C. Horizontal beam lateral
D. AP Axial
A.
AP projection (Fuchs method) or the PA projection (Judd)
43
Narrowing of the upper airway, as seen in pediatric croup can be best visualized in the:
A. AP projection
B. lateral projection
C. Axial projection
D. lordotic projection
A.
croup is a viral infection that is seen in children 1-3 years of age. it is a dry cough sometimes accompanied by a fever, best shown in an AP projection and lateral soft neck tissue
42
The floor of the cranium includes all of the following except:
A. the temporal bones
B. the occipital bones
C. the ethmoid bone
D. the sphenoid bone
B
the bones that comprise of the floor of the cranium are the two temporal bones, ethmoid, and sphenoid. The calvarium consists of two parietals, frontal, and occipital
46
A kyphotic curve is formed by the:
1. sacral
