Rad Phys final exam Flashcards
Using an “extremity” cassette will have which effect?
it will increase patient exposure
The sheet of lead in a cassette serves what purpose?
to help prevent back scatter (back scatter is scatter directed at the tube)
If your cassette was incompletely closed what would the film problem look like?
it would have a black strip at the edge
What exists on a film after you have exposed the patient but before processing it?
a latent image
Too high of a kV will have which effect on the film?
quantum mottle
Which combination of screen light and film color is preferred?
green light and purple film
Which of the following is the reason why many recommended that you NOT use an extremity screen system in an office that performs mainly spine films?
the extremity film may get mixed with the spine cassettes and require retakes… don’t think the answer is extremity film increase radiation to the patient
Which of the following is a problem when storing x-ray film flat instead of upright?
pressure marks
about how often should you clean intensifying screens?
three months
about how many 14”x17” films should be run through an automatic processor in a week before it is economically feasible?
20-25
How would processed film appear if you decreased the recommended developing time and maintained the recommended temperature?
it would be too light
What is the usual recommended optimal developing temperature for manual processing?
68 degrees
sensitometry is a way to do which of the following?
to check consistency of processing
In which phase of processing does the latent image become the manifest image?
developing
densitometry and sensitometry are primarily used for which purpose?
to monitor processor function
Contain effect from a lack of fluid being removed in automatic processing is caused by a malfunction of which of the following?
squeegee rollers
A high intensity lamp is usually used for which of the following?
to better see over-exposed areas on a film
Which of the following is the proper arrangement of the five subject densities seen on the radiograph from the most dense to the least dense?
heavy metal, metal, water, oil, air
Why are the renal shadows often seen on an A-P lumbar film?
due to contrast between oil and water densities
The thickness of lead that is needed for primary and secondary protective barriers for an x-ray facility are which of the following?
1/16 and 1/32 inches respectively
In the event that a patient (let’s say an unruly child) needs to be held during an x-ray procedure, who should be selected for this task?
the 50 year-old grandmother if not pregnant
Where should the exposure switch be located?
inside the booth
If you wanted to see the sacroiliac joints and the L-5 disc space without distortion on an A-P view, which would be the best thing to do?
direct the central ray A-P with a cephalic tube tilt
After graduation you open a practice in monkeys box, florida and in comes a 62-year old female names Enid Kelso, the wife of respected MD husband who has retired from Sacred Heart Hospital and retired to your community. you have decided to take thoracic films. The AP measurement is 29cm, so you are considering how to progress, Which of the following will be essential to use?
A grid
You have opened your own office in Yee Haw Junction, Florida. Your first patient is Ignax Katz, a retired high school principle who tells you of hear health problems and mentions that she was told many years ago that she had scoliosis. you have decided to radiograph her spine and decide to take process the A-P view before taking the other films. Sure enough, she does have a 22-degree curvature with the convexity toward the right in her lumbar spine. with this information how will you proceed?
take a film with her right side against the grid
What is quantum mottle?
a prominent graininess to the film
Kink marks (crescent marks) occur from which of the following?
bending or crimping the film
When is a latent image present?
after exposing the film but before processing it
Generally, which of the following would make the phosphor layer of the screen faster?
thicker composition
Which of the following types of films will create the radiographic image with the greatest detail?
single emulsion
What color is recommended for your darkroom walls (according to Dale Grunwalk)?
red
A 1200 screen speed system will usually demonstrate which appearance?
the film will be grainy
What is the name for the usual test for film screen contact?
wire mesh test
With gradient screens, which of the following is true?
the lumbar section has the fastest speed
Silver is usually recovered from which fluid?
fixer
Which of the following should be considered if you are manually processing 30 14x17” films per week?
get an automatic processor
What is the usual recommended optimal developing temperature for manual processing?
68 degrees
Which fluid requires the most replenishing in manual processing?
developer
densitometry and sensitometry are primarily used for which purpose?
the monitor processor function
In which step of manual processing does a “kissing” artifact occur?
devloping
Of the choices below, how could you best see the L5-S1 disc space and sacrum on an AP film?
use a cephalic tilt
Of the following structures, which is the most dense? lung liver perirenal fat fundus of the stomach
liver
A contrast between the patient densities of air and water explains why we see which of the following?
the urinary bladder
What does the formula “5 (N-18) rems” refer to?
occupational exposure M.P.D. for radiation
Which of the following relates to a dosimeter?
a film badge
What should you check when constructing an x-ray facility to make sure you are up to code with lead lining?
your local state requirements
In inches a secondary barrier needs to have how much lead equivalency?
1/32
which of the following would produce a sharper (clearer) image?
non-screen film
In order to justify an automatic processor, 20-25 14x17” films should be run through in what time period?
per week
If you r temperature is too high in the dryer part of your automatic processor, which of the following would be the most likely?
the films will probably have water spots
With manual processing after a film is first put into a solution, what is the next recommended thing to do?
agitate it
IF you have two films of a patient that demonstrate a kissing artifact, why do you suspect it could be necessary to retake the films?
because kissing artifacts can be mistaken for pathologies
If your developer smells like ammonia, what does it usually mean?
it has fixer in it
Where would you place the wire mesh for a wire mesh test?
On the cassette NOT IN
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for holding a patient?
only employees should hold patient
never use pregnant female to hold patient
the holder should wear protective apron and gloves
the holder should be over 18 years old
only employees should hold patient
What is the occupational annual dose limit for whole body exposure?
5 rem
Let’s say you have just installed an automatic processor in your dark room. since it is a big processor you actually want it to be out of your small darkroom. Which part of the processor must be in the darkroom?
the feed tray
1/16 inch lead is equivalent to how many inches of concrete?
4
Which combination of screen light and film color is preferred?
green light and purple film
How will dirt on the intensifying screen appear on the exposed film?
White specks
Which of the following would lead to the least exposure of a patient to ionizing radiation
a dual screen system
Which of the following effects will too fast of a film-screen combination have on the radiograph?
It will demonstrate graininess
Which speed is preferred in general spinal radiography with a rare earth system?
400
Having a thicker phospho layer in your screens will have which effect?
make the screen faster
Your x-ray service person has told you that he has just completed a “wire mesh” test. In order to say something intelligent you have to think back on what that test is for. what does it test?
if there is good contact between the screens and films
Why should bad films that you have retaken not be destroyed?
they can be sold for silver
About how many 14x17” films should be run through an automatic processor in a week before it is economically feasible?
20-25
Sensitometry is a way to do which of the following?
to check the consistency of processing
When using the four basic densities of x-ray interpretation, which of the following is the second least dense?
air, metal, water, or oil
oil (air is the least dense)
In inches, what is the lead equivalent thickness required for a ceiling of a single story building?
none
unprocessed rare earth film is usually what color?
purple
How should unexposed x-ray film be stored?
with the box on end
Which of the following recommended intensifying screen for use in a chiropractic office?
rare earth
Which of the following contain silver halide crystals?
film emulsion
Determine which of the following problems could occur if your intensifying screen is warped?
a blurry area from bad contact
Which part of an automatic processor is responsible for removing excess fluid as the film exits a tank?
squeegee rollers
Small white specks on the processed film usually indicate which of the following?
dirty intensifying screen
How would your processed film appear if your developer temperature was above normal and it was developed at the normal time?
it would be too dark
What is usually considered the optimal developing time for manual processing?
5 minutes
Film taken with a 1200 screen speed system will usually demonstrate which appearance?
the film will be grainy
Which color safelight filter is needed for the most rare earth screens?
red
How long is a doctor required to keep the records of radiation exposure on a worker in his/her office?
for the lifetime of the individual
Of the following where would an oil density normally be found on an x-ray?
outlining some muscles and organs
The contract of natural metal density and water explains why we often see which of the following?
an arteriosclerotic aorta
If you saw the support back or hinges images on a film that you took in rad lab, what would you suspect the most common reason to be?
you put the cassette in backwards
Which United States governmental agency mandates the removal of silver from a processing fluid before disposal?
EPA
