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Rad Physics > Rad Phys final exam > Flashcards

Rad Phys final exam Flashcards

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0
Q

Using an “extremity” cassette will have which effect?

A

it will increase patient exposure

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1
Q

The sheet of lead in a cassette serves what purpose?

A

to help prevent back scatter (back scatter is scatter directed at the tube)

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2
Q

If your cassette was incompletely closed what would the film problem look like?

A

it would have a black strip at the edge

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3
Q

What exists on a film after you have exposed the patient but before processing it?

A

a latent image

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4
Q

Too high of a kV will have which effect on the film?

A

quantum mottle

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5
Q

Which combination of screen light and film color is preferred?

A

green light and purple film

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6
Q

Which of the following is the reason why many recommended that you NOT use an extremity screen system in an office that performs mainly spine films?

A

the extremity film may get mixed with the spine cassettes and require retakes… don’t think the answer is extremity film increase radiation to the patient

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7
Q

Which of the following is a problem when storing x-ray film flat instead of upright?

A

pressure marks

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8
Q

about how often should you clean intensifying screens?

A

three months

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9
Q

about how many 14”x17” films should be run through an automatic processor in a week before it is economically feasible?

A

20-25

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10
Q

How would processed film appear if you decreased the recommended developing time and maintained the recommended temperature?

A

it would be too light

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11
Q

What is the usual recommended optimal developing temperature for manual processing?

A

68 degrees

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12
Q

sensitometry is a way to do which of the following?

A

to check consistency of processing

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13
Q

In which phase of processing does the latent image become the manifest image?

A

developing

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14
Q

densitometry and sensitometry are primarily used for which purpose?

A

to monitor processor function

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15
Q

Contain effect from a lack of fluid being removed in automatic processing is caused by a malfunction of which of the following?

A

squeegee rollers

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16
Q

A high intensity lamp is usually used for which of the following?

A

to better see over-exposed areas on a film

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17
Q

Which of the following is the proper arrangement of the five subject densities seen on the radiograph from the most dense to the least dense?

A

heavy metal, metal, water, oil, air

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18
Q

Why are the renal shadows often seen on an A-P lumbar film?

A

due to contrast between oil and water densities

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19
Q

The thickness of lead that is needed for primary and secondary protective barriers for an x-ray facility are which of the following?

A

1/16 and 1/32 inches respectively

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20
Q

In the event that a patient (let’s say an unruly child) needs to be held during an x-ray procedure, who should be selected for this task?

A

the 50 year-old grandmother if not pregnant

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21
Q

Where should the exposure switch be located?

A

inside the booth

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22
Q

If you wanted to see the sacroiliac joints and the L-5 disc space without distortion on an A-P view, which would be the best thing to do?

A

direct the central ray A-P with a cephalic tube tilt

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23
Q

After graduation you open a practice in monkeys box, florida and in comes a 62-year old female names Enid Kelso, the wife of respected MD husband who has retired from Sacred Heart Hospital and retired to your community. you have decided to take thoracic films. The AP measurement is 29cm, so you are considering how to progress, Which of the following will be essential to use?

A

A grid

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24
Q

You have opened your own office in Yee Haw Junction, Florida. Your first patient is Ignax Katz, a retired high school principle who tells you of hear health problems and mentions that she was told many years ago that she had scoliosis. you have decided to radiograph her spine and decide to take process the A-P view before taking the other films. Sure enough, she does have a 22-degree curvature with the convexity toward the right in her lumbar spine. with this information how will you proceed?

A

take a film with her right side against the grid

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25
Q

What is quantum mottle?

A

a prominent graininess to the film

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26
Q

Kink marks (crescent marks) occur from which of the following?

A

bending or crimping the film

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27
Q

When is a latent image present?

A

after exposing the film but before processing it

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28
Q

Generally, which of the following would make the phosphor layer of the screen faster?

A

thicker composition

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29
Q

Which of the following types of films will create the radiographic image with the greatest detail?

A

single emulsion

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30
Q

What color is recommended for your darkroom walls (according to Dale Grunwalk)?

A

red

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31
Q

A 1200 screen speed system will usually demonstrate which appearance?

A

the film will be grainy

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32
Q

What is the name for the usual test for film screen contact?

A

wire mesh test

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33
Q

With gradient screens, which of the following is true?

A

the lumbar section has the fastest speed

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34
Q

Silver is usually recovered from which fluid?

A

fixer

35
Q

Which of the following should be considered if you are manually processing 30 14x17” films per week?

A

get an automatic processor

36
Q

What is the usual recommended optimal developing temperature for manual processing?

A

68 degrees

37
Q

Which fluid requires the most replenishing in manual processing?

A

developer

38
Q

densitometry and sensitometry are primarily used for which purpose?

A

the monitor processor function

39
Q

In which step of manual processing does a “kissing” artifact occur?

A

devloping

40
Q

Of the choices below, how could you best see the L5-S1 disc space and sacrum on an AP film?

A

use a cephalic tilt

41
Q 
Of the following structures, which is the most dense? 
lung
liver
perirenal fat
fundus of the stomach
A

liver

42
Q

A contrast between the patient densities of air and water explains why we see which of the following?

A

the urinary bladder

43
Q

What does the formula “5 (N-18) rems” refer to?

A

occupational exposure M.P.D. for radiation

44
Q

Which of the following relates to a dosimeter?

A

a film badge

45
Q

What should you check when constructing an x-ray facility to make sure you are up to code with lead lining?

A

your local state requirements

46
Q

In inches a secondary barrier needs to have how much lead equivalency?

A

1/32

47
Q

which of the following would produce a sharper (clearer) image?

A

non-screen film

48
Q

In order to justify an automatic processor, 20-25 14x17” films should be run through in what time period?

A

per week

49
Q

If you r temperature is too high in the dryer part of your automatic processor, which of the following would be the most likely?

A

the films will probably have water spots

50
Q

With manual processing after a film is first put into a solution, what is the next recommended thing to do?

A

agitate it

51
Q

IF you have two films of a patient that demonstrate a kissing artifact, why do you suspect it could be necessary to retake the films?

A

because kissing artifacts can be mistaken for pathologies

52
Q

If your developer smells like ammonia, what does it usually mean?

A

it has fixer in it

53
Q

Where would you place the wire mesh for a wire mesh test?

A

On the cassette NOT IN

54
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria for holding a patient?
only employees should hold patient
never use pregnant female to hold patient
the holder should wear protective apron and gloves
the holder should be over 18 years old

A

only employees should hold patient

55
Q

What is the occupational annual dose limit for whole body exposure?

A

5 rem

56
Q

Let’s say you have just installed an automatic processor in your dark room. since it is a big processor you actually want it to be out of your small darkroom. Which part of the processor must be in the darkroom?

A

the feed tray

57
Q

1/16 inch lead is equivalent to how many inches of concrete?

A

4

58
Q

Which combination of screen light and film color is preferred?

A

green light and purple film

59
Q

How will dirt on the intensifying screen appear on the exposed film?

A

White specks

60
Q

Which of the following would lead to the least exposure of a patient to ionizing radiation

A

a dual screen system

61
Q

Which of the following effects will too fast of a film-screen combination have on the radiograph?

A

It will demonstrate graininess

62
Q

Which speed is preferred in general spinal radiography with a rare earth system?

A

400

63
Q

Having a thicker phospho layer in your screens will have which effect?

A

make the screen faster

64
Q

Your x-ray service person has told you that he has just completed a “wire mesh” test. In order to say something intelligent you have to think back on what that test is for. what does it test?

A

if there is good contact between the screens and films

65
Q

Why should bad films that you have retaken not be destroyed?

A

they can be sold for silver

66
Q

About how many 14x17” films should be run through an automatic processor in a week before it is economically feasible?

A

20-25

67
Q

Sensitometry is a way to do which of the following?

A

to check the consistency of processing

68
Q

When using the four basic densities of x-ray interpretation, which of the following is the second least dense?
air, metal, water, or oil

A

oil (air is the least dense)

69
Q

In inches, what is the lead equivalent thickness required for a ceiling of a single story building?

A

none

70
Q

unprocessed rare earth film is usually what color?

A

purple

71
Q

How should unexposed x-ray film be stored?

A

with the box on end

72
Q

Which of the following recommended intensifying screen for use in a chiropractic office?

A

rare earth

73
Q

Which of the following contain silver halide crystals?

A

film emulsion

74
Q

Determine which of the following problems could occur if your intensifying screen is warped?

A

a blurry area from bad contact

75
Q

Which part of an automatic processor is responsible for removing excess fluid as the film exits a tank?

A

squeegee rollers

76
Q

Small white specks on the processed film usually indicate which of the following?

A

dirty intensifying screen

77
Q

How would your processed film appear if your developer temperature was above normal and it was developed at the normal time?

A

it would be too dark

78
Q

What is usually considered the optimal developing time for manual processing?

A

5 minutes

79
Q

Film taken with a 1200 screen speed system will usually demonstrate which appearance?

A

the film will be grainy

80
Q

Which color safelight filter is needed for the most rare earth screens?

A

red

81
Q

How long is a doctor required to keep the records of radiation exposure on a worker in his/her office?

A

for the lifetime of the individual

82
Q

Of the following where would an oil density normally be found on an x-ray?

A

outlining some muscles and organs

83
Q

The contract of natural metal density and water explains why we often see which of the following?

A

an arteriosclerotic aorta

84
Q

If you saw the support back or hinges images on a film that you took in rad lab, what would you suspect the most common reason to be?

A

you put the cassette in backwards

85
Q

Which United States governmental agency mandates the removal of silver from a processing fluid before disposal?

A

EPA

Rad Physics (3 decks)

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