Rad Anat Lower Extremity Quiz

Question 1

What is the minimal diagnostic series for the pelvis?

Answer 1

AP Pelvis

Question 2

What is the minimal diagnostic series for the hip?

Answer 2

AP Hip and Frogleg (modified lateral)

Question 3

Teardrop Distance

“medial joint space”

Answer 3

View: AP Pelvis or hip
How: most medial femoral head to outer cortex of teardrop
Normal: 6-11mm

> 11mm or >2mm R vs. L = Waldenstrom’s Sign

Question 4

Hip Joint Space Width

Answer 4

View: AP Hip
4mm:4mm:8mm = 1:1:2

Average Superior: 3-6mm
Average Axial: 3-7mm
Average Medial: 4-13mm

Question 5

Acetabular Depth

Answer 5

View: AP Pelvis, Hip
How: line from superior pubis at joint margin to upper outer acetabulum; measure from this line to greatest distance to acetabular floor
Normal: Male 7-18mm; Female 9-18mm

<9mm = displastic

Question 6

Symphysis Pubis Width

Answer 6

View: AP Pelvis
How: measure between joint surfaces at halfway point
Normal: Male 5-7mm; Female 4-6mm

widened = abnormality

Question 7

Presacral Space

Answer 7

View: Lateral Sacrum
How: measure soft tissue distance from anterior sacrum to posterior rectum
Normal: 15 years old 2-20 mm

> 20mm = abnormal soft tissue

Question 8

Acetabular Angle

Answer 8

pediatric

View: AP Pelvis
How: transverse line thru triradiate cartilage; second line connect lateral and medial acetabular surfaces; measure angle
Normal: 12-29 degrees

> 29 = dysplasia

Question 9

Measurement of Protrusio Acetabuli

“Kohler’s Line”

Answer 9

View: AP Pelvis, Hip
How: tangential line from lateral margin of pelvic bowl to lateral border of obturator foramen
Normal: acetabular floor should not cross line

Question 10

Shenton’s Line

Answer 10

How: follow the inferior margin of the superior pubic ramus and note the smooth continuity with the medial femoral neck
Normal: uninterrupted arc

Question 11

Iliofemoral Line

Answer 11

View: AP Hip
How: follow the lateral margin of ilium nothing a smooth curvilinear line continuing with the femoral head and neck
Normal: symmetry, nice arc

Question 12

Femoral Neck Angle

Answer 12

View: AP Hip
How: formed by the axis of the femoral neck with the axis of the femoral shaft
Normal: 120-130 degrees
130 = cox valga

Question 13

Skinner’s Line

Answer 13

View: AP Hip
How: line thru midshaft of femur; second line perpendicular to the first & tangential to the tip of greater trochanter
Normal: the second line should pass thru or below the fovea centralis of the femoral head

Question 14

Klein’s Line

Answer 14

View: AP Hip & Frogleg
How: line tangential to the outer margin of femoral neck and parallel to the neck.
Normal: this line should intersect some portion of the femoral head; should intersect the same amount bilaterally

Question 15

What is the minimal diagnostic series for the knee?

Answer 15

AP Knee and Lateral Knee

Question 16

Patellar Position

Answer 16

View: Lateral Knee
How: patellar length and patellar tendon length are usually equal; normal varition up to 20%

patella alta = tendon length >20% longer than patellar length
patella baja: tendon length >20% shorter than patellar length

Question 17

What is the minimal diagnostic series for the ankle?

Answer 17

AP Ankle, Medial Oblique Ankle, and Lateral Ankle

Question 18

Boehler’s Angle

Answer 18

View: Lateral Foot or Lateral Calcaneus
How: 3 highest points on calcaneus are connected with 2 tangential lines; measure posterior angle
Normal: 28-40 degrees

Question 19

Heel Pad Measurement

Answer 19

View: Lateral Foot or Lateral Calcaneus
How: measure the shortest distance between the plantar surface of the calcaneus and the external skin contour
Normal: Male <23mm (add 1mm for ever 25 lbs over 150 lbs)

Question 20

What is the minimal diagnostic series for the foot?

Answer 20

Dorsiplatner (AP), Medial Oblique Foot, and Lateral Foot