Racial/Cultural Identity Development Flashcards
What are the benefits of racial/cultural models?
assess a minority individuals reactions to counseling in general, counseling techniques and to the counselor.
acknowledge sociopolitical influences of racism, prejudice, and oppression upon the identity transformation of their victims.
What are some racial identity assumptions?
Racism permeates all aspects of life
P.O.C. are socialized to US society and therefor are exposed to biases, sterotypes, and racism of the society
What are the 5 phases of the Racial/Cultural identity model?
- Conformity
- Dissonance
- Resistance and Immersion
- Introspection
- Integrative awareness
What are characteristics of someone in the Conformity phase?
Preference for the dominant culture.
Attempt to assimilate and acculturate to white society.
May reject or become ashamed of their own group.
May incorporate negative stereotypes that set up self-fulfilling prophecies
Why does conformity happen?
Ethnocentric monculturalism
Align self with greater power to protect from feelings of inferiority
What is the internal self-esteem of a person who is in the conformity phase?
Low
What phase is someone in if their role models, lifestyles and value systems all follow the dominant group?
Conformity
What are there therapeutic implications to consider when working with someone in the conformity phase?
Prefers White therapist and seeks approval from or to identify with therapist
Exploring cultural identity is threatening and prefers task oriented, problem solving approach
What is the goal in therapy with someone in conformity phase?
sort out conflicts related to R/CID
move closer to awareness rather than self-deception
When there is conflict between disparate pieces of information or experiences that challenge current self-concept, you are in the ______ phase?
Dissonance
In moving from the conformity stage to the dissonance stage, what begins to break down and causes questioning of attitudes, beliefs, and values?
denial
In the dissonance phase, what feelings develop that leads to a sense of conflict?
Shame and pride
What are some things that someone who is in the dissonance stage starts becoming aware of?
Racism exists
not all aspects of majority or minority culture are bad
one cannot escape cultural heritage
What are some therapeutic implications to consider with someone in the dissonance stage?
May prefer counselor with good knowledge of client’s cultural group
questions concerning self, identity and self-esteem are likely brought up
What is the goal with someone who is in the dissonance stage?
explore the conflicting beliefs and feelings
What are some feelings that are associated with individuals in the Resistance and Immersion stage?
Anger at perceived cultural oppression
Actively reject dominant society and culture
Views members of dominant culture with suspicion
“why should I feel ashamed of who and what I am?”
What stage are you in if you endorse minority-held views completely and reject and react to views/values of the dominant culture
Resistance and Immersion
Where does a lot of the anger come from in someone who is in the resistance and immersion stage?
The feeling of being brainwashed by the dominant society
Guilt and shame from having been a “sell-out”
In what stage would someone in the minority group restrict their interactions with the majority group as much as possible
Resistance and Immersion
What are some therapeutic implications in the Resistance &Immersion stage?
Racism believed to be the contributor to psychological problems
Prefer own race therapists
Self-disclosure often necessary for credibility
open, non-defensive stance
action-oriented approaches aimed at external change
Anger directed at dominant society is psychologically draining and discontentment and discomfort of rigid views are felt in what stage?
Introspection
What are some therapeutic implications to consider in the introspection stage?
prefer therapist of own race but open to others who understand world view
Self-exploration approaches aimed at helping the client integrate a new sense of identity are important
What is the goal in the introspection stage?
identity what they desire to distance themselves from in their minority group
What are some characteristics of someone in the integrative awareness stage?
sense of security
flexible, tolerant, multicultural
acceptance of US culture seen as healthy and oppose those that are toxic
Positive self-image, self-worth, and confidence is associated with what phase of development?
Integrative Awareness
What are some therapeutic implications to consider with someone who is in the Integrative awareness stage?
preference for therapist not based on race but someone who can share wolrdviews
clients are action oriented and respond to strategies aimed at community and society change
Are cultural identity models dynamic to static?
dynamic
What are the two phases in the white identity model?
abandonment of racism
defining an non racist
What are the 6 statuses in Helm’s White Identity model?
Contact
Disintegration
Reintegration
pseudo-independence
Immersion-emersion
Autonomy
