race/ethnicity + sex/gender

Question 1

assimilation

Answer 1

The process by which a minority group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group in place of their own particular group identities.

Question 2

color-blind racism

Answer 2

The denial that individuals are thought about or treated differently based on their race and the assumption that everyone has equal opportunities.

Question 3

diaspora

Answer 3

The dispersal, typically involuntarily, of a racial or ethnic population from its traditional homeland over a wide geographic area.

Question 4

discrimination

Answer 4

The unfavorable treatment of Black Americans and other minorities, either formally or informally, simply because of their race or some other such characteristic (actions)

Question 5

ethnic cleansing

Answer 5

The establishment by the dominant group of policies that allow or require the forcible removal of people of another ethnic group.

Question 6

ethnicity

Answer 6

A sense, shared by members of a group, of belonging to and identifying with a given ethnic group : groups sharing some cultural characteristics

Question 7

eugenics

Answer 7

A movement that became popular in the early twentieth century and that argued that the human population could be genetically improved through scientific manipulation.

Question 8

expulsion

Answer 8

Removal of a minority group from a territory, either by forcible ejection through military and other government action or by “voluntary” emigration due to the majority’s harassment, discrimination, and persecution

Question 9

genocide

Answer 9

An active, systematic attempt to eliminate an entire group of people.

Question 10

institutional racism

Answer 10

Race-based discrimination that results from the day-to-day operation of social institutions and social structures and their rules, policies, and practices

Question 11

intersectionality

Answer 11

members of any given minority (or majority) group are affected by the nature of their position in other systems or other forms of social inequality. It implies that in order to more fully understand the social experience of an individual we need to account for the multiplicity of their identities.

Question 12

(M)ajority v. (m)inority group

Answer 12

M: A group in a dominant position along the dimensions of wealth, power, and prestige.

m: A group in a inferior position along the dimensions of wealth, power, and prestige.

Question 13

orientalism

Answer 13

A set of ideas and texts produced in the West that served as the basis for dominating, controlling, and exploiting the Orient (the East) and its many minority groups.

Question 14

outsider within

Answer 14

A person who has formal membership in a majority group without being given the full informal rights of other members.

Question 15

pluralism

Answer 15

A political system in which there is a balance of power among many competing interests, none of which has complete control.

Question 16

race + racism

Answer 16

race: A social definition based on some real or presumed physical/biological trait of a person (skin color or hair texture) + a shared lineage.

racism: The act of defining a group as a race and attributing negative characteristics to that group.

Question 17

white racial frame

Answer 17

An array of racist ideas, racial stereotypes, racialized stories/tales, racist images, powerful racial emotions, and various inclinations to discriminate against minority races, especially Black people.

Question 18

gender (agender)

Answer 18

G:
A: An individual who may not identify with any particular gender.

Question 19

consensual sexual activities

Answer 19

Sexual activities agreed upon by the participants, any of whom have the right to decide to stop at any point and for any reason.

Question 20

emphasized femininity

Answer 20

A set of socially constructed ideas about “model womanhood” organized around accommodating the interests of men and the patriarchy.

Question 21

female proletarianization

Answer 21

The channeling of an increasing number of women into low-status, poorly paid manual work.

Question 22

feminization of labor

Answer 22

The rise of female labor participation in all sectors and the movement of women into jobs traditionally held by men.

Question 23

gender identity v. role

Answer 23

I: A person’s internal sense of gender.

R: social presentation of gender, which includes clothing, hairstyle, and attitudinal and behavioral traits.

Question 23

genderqueer

Answer 23

A broad umbrella term that encompasses a range of gendered identities, feelings, and self-determined labels.

Question 24

heterosexism v. homophobia

Answer 24

Herterosexism: The belief that heterosexuality is superior to other sexual orientations; individual and institutional discrimination against those with other orientations

Homophobia: The fear of being, appearing, or seeming gay; fear of anyone or “anything” gay

Question 25

hegemonic masculinity

Answer 25

The dominant form or most idealized vision of masculinity; taken for granted as natural and linked to the patriarchy.

Question 26

intersex

Answer 26

A general term used for a variety of medical conditions in which a person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not seem to fit the typical definitions of male or female.

Question 27

master status

Answer 27

A position that is more important than any others, both for the person in the position and for all others involved.

Question 28

sex trafficking

Answer 28

A commercial sex act that includes force, fraud, or coercion and transporting and obtaining a person for sex acts.

Question 28

rape + rape culture

Answer 28

R: Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration with a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.

culture: An environment conducive to sexual assaults and rape.

Question 29

second shift

Answer 29

the household chores, such as cleaning, cooking, or child care, required of working people (usually women) in addition to their paid employment

Question 30

sex tourism

Answer 30

Activity that occurs when individuals travel to other countries for the purpose of buying sex from men, women, and children in those locations; sex is the primary or sole purpose of these trips.

Question 31

sexual identity

Answer 31

An internal sense of one’s sexual self.

Question 32

sexual double standard

Answer 32

A cultural belief system in which men are expected to desire and seek sex from whomever, whenever they wish, while women are expected to be sexual only within committed, romantic relationships.

Question 33

sexual orientation

Answer 33

Involves whom one desires (fantasies), with whom one wants to have sexual relations (behavior), and with whom one has a sense of connectedness (feelings).

Question 34

sexuality

Answer 34

The ways in which people think about, and behave toward, themselves and others as sexual beings.

Question 35

transgender

Answer 35

An umbrella term for people whose gender identity and/or gender presentation differs from the gender assigned at birth or in infancy.