families + social stratification

Question 1

Companionate love

Answer 1

A kind of love typified by gradual onset and not necessarily tied to sexual passion but based on more rational assessments of the one loved.

Question 2

companionate marriage

Answer 2

marriage emphasizing a clear division of labor between a breadwinner and a homemaker and held together by sentiment, friendship, and sexuality. The predominant model of marriage in the mid-twentieth century. tied to companionate love.

Question 3

passionate love

Answer 3

A kind of love typified by sudden onset, strong sexual feelings, and idealization of the one who is loved

Question 4

deinstitutionalization

Answer 4

weakened social norms especially when regarding institution of marriage

Question 5

endogamy

Answer 5

Marriage to someone with similar characteristics in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, education level, social class, and so on.

Question 6

exogamy

Answer 6

Marriage to someone with characteristics that are differences in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, education level, social class, and so on.

Question 7

honor killing

Answer 7

sanctioned killing of a female because she has engaged in such “dishonorable” behaviors as infidelity, same-sex sexual relations, wanting out of arranged marriages, seeking marriage on her own, or refusing to adhere to a particular dress code.

Question 8

human trafficking

Answer 8

The selling and buying of humans as products.

Question 9

individualized marriage

Answer 9

A model of marriage emphasizing the satisfaction of the individuals involved.

Question 10

intimacy

Answer 10

A close and personal relationship built over time.

Question 11

intimate partner violence (IPV)

Answer 11

known as domestic violence, it entails the exertion of power over a partner in an intimate relationship through behavior that is intimidating, threatening, harassing, or harmful.

Question 12

intimate relationship

Answer 12

A close, personal, and domestic relationship between partners.

Question 13

living apart together

Answer 13

A committed intimate relationship in which a couple do not reside in the same physical residence.

Question 14

monogamy

Answer 14

Marriage or exclusive sexual relationships between two individuals.

Question 15

polygamy

Answer 15

Marriage to multiple spouses.

Question 16

polyandry

Answer 16

Marriage (of a wife) to multiple husbands.

Question 17

polygyny

Answer 17

Marriage (of a husband) to multiple wives.

Question 18

pure relationship

Answer 18

A relationship that is entered into for what each partner can get from it and in which those involved remain only as long as each derives enough satisfaction from it.

Question 19

nuclear family

Answer 19

A family with two married adults and one or more children.

Question 20

absolute poverty

Answer 20

An absolute measure—such as the U.S. poverty line—that makes it clear what level of income people need in order to survive

Question 21

ascription

Answer 21

Being born with or inheriting certain characteristics (wealth, high status, etc.).

Question 22

distribution of opportunities for rewards

Answer 22

How the opportunities to attain a certain socially valued object or status are spread throughout society.

Question 23

distribution of rewards

Answer 23

How socially valued objects and statuses are spread throughout a given society.

Question 24

feminization of poverty

Answer 24

The rise in the number of women falling below the poverty line.

Question 25

foreign aid

Answer 25

Economic assistance given by countries or global institutions to a foreign country in order to promote its development and social welfare.

Question 26

global care chains

Answer 26

Series of personal relationships between people across the globe based on the paid or unpaid work of caring.

Question 27

horizontal mobility

Answer 27

Movement within one’s social class.

Question 28

income v. wealth

Answer 28

I: The amount of money a person earns in a given year from a job, a business, or various types of assets and investments.

W: The total amount of a person’s assets minus the total of various kinds of debts.

Question 29

intergenerational mobility

Answer 29

The difference between the parents’ social class position and the position achieved by their child(ren)

Question 30

intragenerational mobility

Answer 30

Movement up or down the stratification system in one’s lifetime.

Question 31

modernization theory

Answer 31

A structural-functionalist theory that explains unequal economic distributions based on the structural (especially technological) and cultural differences between countries.

Question 32

occupational mobility

Answer 32

Changes in people’s work, either across or within generations.

Question 33

poverty line

Answer 33

The threshold, in terms of income, below which a household is considered poor.

Question 34

relative poverty

Answer 34

The state of being or feeling poor relative to others, regardless of income.

Question 35

social stratification

Answer 35

Hierarchical differences and inequalities in economic positions, as well as in other important areas, especially political power and status or social honor.

Question 36

structural mobility

Answer 36

The effect of changes in the larger society on the position of individuals in the stratification system, especially the occupational structure.

Question 37

upward mobility

Answer 37

The ability to change one’s position in the social hierarchy by moving higher.

Question 38

vertical mobility

Answer 38

Both upward and downward mobility.

Question 39

world-systems theory

Answer 39

A system of thought that focuses on the stratification of nation-states on a global scale.