families + social stratification Flashcards
Companionate love
A kind of love typified by gradual onset and not necessarily tied to sexual passion but based on more rational assessments of the one loved.
companionate marriage
marriage emphasizing a clear division of labor between a breadwinner and a homemaker and held together by sentiment, friendship, and sexuality. The predominant model of marriage in the mid-twentieth century. tied to companionate love.
passionate love
A kind of love typified by sudden onset, strong sexual feelings, and idealization of the one who is loved
deinstitutionalization
weakened social norms especially when regarding institution of marriage
endogamy
Marriage to someone with similar characteristics in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, education level, social class, and so on.
exogamy
Marriage to someone with characteristics that are differences in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, education level, social class, and so on.
honor killing
sanctioned killing of a female because she has engaged in such “dishonorable” behaviors as infidelity, same-sex sexual relations, wanting out of arranged marriages, seeking marriage on her own, or refusing to adhere to a particular dress code.
human trafficking
The selling and buying of humans as products.
individualized marriage
A model of marriage emphasizing the satisfaction of the individuals involved.
intimacy
A close and personal relationship built over time.
intimate partner violence (IPV)
known as domestic violence, it entails the exertion of power over a partner in an intimate relationship through behavior that is intimidating, threatening, harassing, or harmful.
intimate relationship
A close, personal, and domestic relationship between partners.
living apart together
A committed intimate relationship in which a couple do not reside in the same physical residence.
monogamy
Marriage or exclusive sexual relationships between two individuals.
polygamy
Marriage to multiple spouses.
polyandry
Marriage (of a wife) to multiple husbands.
polygyny
Marriage (of a husband) to multiple wives.
pure relationship
A relationship that is entered into for what each partner can get from it and in which those involved remain only as long as each derives enough satisfaction from it.
nuclear family
A family with two married adults and one or more children.
absolute poverty
An absolute measure—such as the U.S. poverty line—that makes it clear what level of income people need in order to survive
ascription
Being born with or inheriting certain characteristics (wealth, high status, etc.).
distribution of opportunities for rewards
How the opportunities to attain a certain socially valued object or status are spread throughout society.
distribution of rewards
How socially valued objects and statuses are spread throughout a given society.
feminization of poverty
The rise in the number of women falling below the poverty line.
foreign aid
Economic assistance given by countries or global institutions to a foreign country in order to promote its development and social welfare.
global care chains
Series of personal relationships between people across the globe based on the paid or unpaid work of caring.
horizontal mobility
Movement within one’s social class.
income v. wealth
I: The amount of money a person earns in a given year from a job, a business, or various types of assets and investments.
W: The total amount of a person’s assets minus the total of various kinds of debts.
intergenerational mobility
The difference between the parents’ social class position and the position achieved by their child(ren)
intragenerational mobility
Movement up or down the stratification system in one’s lifetime.
modernization theory
A structural-functionalist theory that explains unequal economic distributions based on the structural (especially technological) and cultural differences between countries.
occupational mobility
Changes in people’s work, either across or within generations.
poverty line
The threshold, in terms of income, below which a household is considered poor.
relative poverty
The state of being or feeling poor relative to others, regardless of income.
social stratification
Hierarchical differences and inequalities in economic positions, as well as in other important areas, especially political power and status or social honor.
structural mobility
The effect of changes in the larger society on the position of individuals in the stratification system, especially the occupational structure.
upward mobility
The ability to change one’s position in the social hierarchy by moving higher.
vertical mobility
Both upward and downward mobility.
world-systems theory
A system of thought that focuses on the stratification of nation-states on a global scale.
