race

Question 1

cosmopolitism

Answer 1

the philosophical idea that human beings have equal moral and political obligations to each other based solely on their humanity, without reference to state citizenship, national identity, religious affiliation, ethnicity, or place of birth. these discourses remain open to differences, as a source of strength, enrichment, and pleasure. it is also associated with elite culture and rootlessness and positioned in the opposition to national identity.

Question 2

multiculturalism

Answer 2

multicultural discourses see identity and society as being made up of a patchwork of more or less distinct cultures.

Question 3

hybridity

Answer 3

discourses of hybridity frame society and identity as creative mixtures made up of many different cultural components.

Question 4

conviviality

Answer 4

the quality of being friendly, and lively. the term comes from Latin roots, meaning ‘to live with’. discourses of conviviality treat differences as an ordinary fact of life. it emphasizes a ‘live and let live’ approach.

Question 5

tolerance

Answer 5

these discourses suggest that differences are accepted and valued. tolerance is often tied to calls for assimilation, where minority groups are expected to become more like the majority ones.

Question 6

utilitarianism

Answer 6

these discourses value diversity in terms of specific and often measurable outcomes, which are predominantly economic.

Question 7

communitarianism

Answer 7

these discourses value diversity in relation to its impact on social solidarity and feelings of community, both at a local and a national level.

Question 8

color-blindness

Answer 8

this involves a belief that race no longer plays a significant role in shaping life in the UK. if members of minority groups continue to experience disadvantage or discrimination it is because of their individual choices.

Question 9

this suggests that only members of a certain group marked by particular characteristics, such as for color, or cultural traits- belong in a specific place, or are entitled to certain rights by virtue of being citizens.

Answer 9

nativism

Question 10

these discourses privilege local neighborhoods or communities as sites of identity and belonging.

Answer 10

localism