RABIES Flashcards
a zoonotic disease and human infection caused by Lyssavirus, usually occurring after a transdermal bite or scratch by an infected animal.
Rabies
Rabies is a zoonotic disease and human infection caused by
Lyssavirus
It occurs mainly in remote ______ communities where measures to prevent dog to human transmission have not been implemented
RURAL
It is the most acutely fatal infectious disease responsible for the death of 200-250 Filipinos every year. At least one-third of human rabies deaths are among children less than 15 years of age.
RABIES
The high cost of anti-rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin, expenditure for medical consultations and the loss of income are an additional burden to a regular Filipino family confronted with a potential rabies exposure.
anti-rabies prophylaxis should be administered after an exposure (such as bite, scratch, lick, etc.) from potentially rabies animals.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
Vaccination should be given to individuals who are at high risk of getting rabies.
Pre-Exposure (PrEP)
Signs and symptoms of Rabies:
● Early rabies symptoms may only include mild fever and headache.
● As it progresses, severe symptoms like
18 / 21
● confusion, excessive salivation, seizures, paralysis, delirium, and coma occur. Once this happens, death is almost inevitable.
period is when symptoms first appear. This is when the virus first enters the central nervous system and begins to cause damage.
The prodromal period
The prodromal phase tends to run from two to 10 days on average and may cause such symptoms as:
○ Fever
○ Itching
■ Tingling or burning sensation at the site of the exposure (known as Paresthesia)
○ Fatigue
○ Headache
○ Anxiety
○ Irritability
○ Chills
○ Insomnia
○ A general feeling of unwellness (malaise)
○ Loss of appetite (anorexia)
○ A sore, swollen throat (pharyngitis)
PRODORMAL PERIOD
period lasts anywhere from two to 10 days and will almost invariably end in death. The types and characteristics of symptoms can vary, depending largely on how severe or mild the initial exposure was.
Acute Neurologic Period
● the type most people experience.
○ As its name suggests, this form of rabies is characterized by violent physical and neurologic symptoms.
Furious Rabies
accounts for about 20% of cases and will cause muscles to gradually weaken, starting from the site of the exposure and expanding outward. Paralysis and death will eventually ensue (usually by respiratory failure).
Paralytic Rabies
is a type most often associated with bat bites. It may involve symptoms from both furious and paralytic forms of the disease.
ATYPICAL RABIES
Symptoms of rabies occurring during the Acute Neurologic Period may include:
● Agitation
● Hyperactivity
● Hyperventilation
● Excessive salivation
● Hydrophobia
● Partial paralysis
● Confusion
● Vomiting blood
● Aggression (including thrashing and biting)
● Hallucinations
● Seizures
