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am2 > Rabbits and Ferrets > Flashcards

Rabbits and Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

Steps to sex a rabbit.

A
  1. Part fur above genitals to see them more clearly.
  2. Apply gentle pressure and the penis emerges if a male rabbit, and slit-like opening on the vulva if a female rabbit.
  3. The anus sits at the lowest point below the genitals and is separate from them in males and the vagina and anus are immediately next to each other in females.
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2
Q

Describe Dutch rabbit.

A

Medium sized rabbit with prominent black and white or brown and white banding.

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3
Q

Describe English Spot rabbit.
Genetic predisposition to what condition?

A

Medium/large rabbit with dark pointes around nose, ears and around the eyes, and dark stripe down top of back from head to tail.

Predisposed to megacolon.

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4
Q

Describe Dwarf lop rabbit.
What diseases are they predisposed to?

A

Small/medium sized rabbit with lop ears and brachycephalic features.

Predisposed to dental and ear disease due to conformation.

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5
Q

Describe English lop rabbit.
What condition are they predisposed to and why?

A

Large rabbit with large lopped ears.

Predisposed to ‘diamond eye’ where the skin of the lower lid folds downwards and exposes the eye more than it otherwise would be. This is due to loose facial skin.

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6
Q

Describe Belgian hare.

A

Large breed rabbit with long limbs and upright ears.

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7
Q

Describe Lionhead rabbit.
What issues are they predisposed to and what is the likely reason for this?

A

Small/medium breed rabbit with long, fine fur around face and neck with brachycephalic features underneath.

Predisposed to GI issues, like due to ingestion of hair during grooming.

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8
Q

Describe Angora rabbit.
Requirements?

A

medium rabbit with long, fine fur over most of body surface.
Require a lot of coat maintenance or regular clipping of fur to avoid matting.

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9
Q

Describe Netherland dwarf rabbit.
Predisposed to what issues?

A

Small rabbit with brachycephalic features and short upright ears.
Dental issues due to brachycephaly.

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10
Q

Describe Flemish Giant rabbit.
Weight range?
Prone to what issues and why?

A

Large rabbit with large upright ears.
6-12kg.
Spinal pathologies because of long backs.

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11
Q

Describe Rex rabbit.
Predisposed to what issue and why?

A

Medium rabbit with short plush fur.
Predisposed to pododermatitis lesions due to very fine fur on plantar aspect of hindlimbs.

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12
Q

Describe New Zealand White rabbit.
What establishment type most often use them?

A

Large breed rabbit with white fur.
Laboratories.

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13
Q

What type of diet are rabbits designed for?
What do wild rabbits predominantly eat?
What were rabbits historically reared for?
–What diet were they fed as a result?
What does an inappropriate diet lead to?
An overproduction of what can be seen if the diet is too high in sugar?

A

Low nutrient and high fibre.
Grasses and wild herbs.
Historically reared for meat.
Higher protein diet for rapid growth.
Lead to poor dental and gastrointestinal health.
Overproduction of caecotrophs.

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14
Q

Why is crown replacement so important in the rabbit?

A

To replace tooth surface that is worn down by the fibrous diet, so the rabbit can continue to eat and not die of starvation.

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15
Q

What is the typical lifespan of rabbits?
At what age are farmed rabbits slaughtered?

A

5-10 years.
Slaughter at 8-12 weeks.

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16
Q

What percentages of each food tyoe are aimed for for a good rabbit diet?

A

85% long fibre – good hay and fresh grass.
10% greens, plants, herbs.
5% complete pellets as a supplement.

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17
Q

What method of water provision is more likely to encourage a rabbit to drink the amount of water they should?

A

Bowl rather than a bottle.

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18
Q

What is the most stable pairing for housed rabbits?

A

Neutered buck and neutered doe.

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19
Q

What is the issue with male/male pairing?

What is the issue with female/female pairings?

A

Likely to break down as they reach maturity, resulting in significant injury due to fighting.

Can be unstable during the breeding season due to hormonal surges.

20
Q

Should rabbits and guinea pigs be housed together?
What disease risk is associated with housing rabbits and guinea pigs together?

A

No – they are different species with different origins, different dietary requirements and behaviours.
Rabbits often carry bacteria Bordetella asymptomatically but can pass on to guinea pigs and cause significant respiratory disease.

21
Q

What is the guideline of minimum space that should be provided for a rabbit housed outdoors?
What should be provided for rabbits in an outdoor enclosure?

A

3mx2mx1m single enclosed area.
Multiple enclosed hides, shelter from direct sunlight and draughts, access to grass and space to exercise.

22
Q

What is the guideline of minimum space to be provided to a rabbit housed indoors?
What considerations must be made for an indoor rabbit?

A

3mx2mx1m single enclosed area.
Ensure wires are rabbit-proofed, ensure plants are non-toxic to rabbits and consider training rabbit to use litter trays and cat flaps.

23
Q

At what temperature will a rabbit develop heat stroke?
What is the ideal ambient temperature fir a rabbit?
Why don’t rabbits tolerate higher temperatures well?

A

Above 27 degrees C.
Ideal is ~20C.
Only have sweat glands on lips and pant very ineffectively.

24
Q

How often will an unneutered female rabbit come into season?
What is a common behaviour for unneutered rabbits?
What does crepuscular mean?

A

Every 2-3 weeks.
Territorial marking.
Crepuscular = active at dusk and dawn.

25
Q

What is a common behaviour for a relaxed, happy rabbit with enough space?

A

“binkying”

26
Q

What are the main diseases to vaccinate rabbits against?
How often are these vaccines given?
What should rabbits be checked daily for evidence of?

A

Myxomatosis and Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (VHD).
Given annually.
Check daily for fly strike.

27
Q

At what point do ferrets reach sexual maturity?
When do the testicles become more prominent in male ferrets?
At what point of the year should ferrets ideally be castrated or vasectomised?

A

During the first or second Spring following their birth dependent on point of birth.
Spring.
Spring.

28
Q

What occurs to the genitals of a female ferret when in season, why does this occur, and how long can it last?
When does oestrus usually start in ferret females?
How do you differentiate between male and female ferrets?

A

Vulva significantly enlarges, due to surge of oestrogen, lasts for a few weeks.
February and March.
Use anogenital distance to differentiate between males and females.

29
Q

What can occur if an entire female ferret is not mated and why?

A

They stay in oestrus which leads to the development of anaemia and is life threatening as they are induce ovulators and need to be brought out of oestrus by mating.

30
Q

What should be done to stop entire female ferrets facing health issues by not being brought out of oestrus?

A

If in breeding pair, it’s ok because they will mate anyway.
If you do not want a pregnancy, vasectomise male and mate him with jill.
Ovariohysterectomy – but can cause problems later in life.
Proligestone (Delvosterone) injection.
Deslorelin (Suprelorin) implant.

31
Q

Describe Polecat ferret.

A

Lighter mask marking around eyes and darker for rest of coat.

32
Q

Describe Dark Polecat ferret.

A

Lighter mask around eyes and darker rest of body but generally darker overall.

33
Q

Describe albino ferret.

A

White all over and lacking pigment in the eyes.

34
Q

Describe Black/Dark Eyed White ferret.

A

Similar to Albino but with darker features.

35
Q

Describe sandy ferret.

A

Sand-coloured fur.

36
Q

Are ferrets herbivores, omnivores or carnivores?
Why is it important to feed a ferret ad lib?
How does the digestive tract of a ferret differ from that of a rabbit?

A

Carnivores.
They need food available all the time to maintain blood glucose at stable level as blood glucose can drop relatively quickly with periods of starvation.
Ferrets have a short digestive tract but rabbits have long digestive tracts.

37
Q

What methods are there for feeding ferrets?

A
  1. Whole carcass.
  2. Complete dry diet.
38
Q

What diets should be avoided for ferrets and why?

A

Cat diets should be avoided because they contain bulking agents that are not good for ferrets.

39
Q

What are considerations to make for ferret housing (security, air quality, temperature, hygiene, enrichments)?

A

Safe, secure and escape-proof.
Good ventilation.
Not in direct sunlight, waterproof, raised off ground.
Easy to clean.
Provide nest boxes/tubes/hammocks.

40
Q

At what temperature do ferrets overheat?

A

over 30C

41
Q

Considerations for ferrets housed inside.

A

Have enclosure for when unsupervised.
Good ventilation
Escape-proof.
Provide nest boxes/tubes/hammocks.
Can litter-train them.

42
Q

What materials can be used for ferret bedding?
How often should the ferret litter tray/latrine be cleaned?
What should housing be checked for if feeding whole carcasses or fresh meat to a ferret?

A

Good quality hay/straw, shredded paper/newspaper.
At least once daily.
Food stashes should be checked for.

43
Q

What causes ferrets to smell?
What can be done to reduce the smell?

A

Well-developed anal sacs and musky oils from glands throughout the skin.
Neuter/GnRH agonist injection.
Feed an appropriate ferret diet.
Bath less and wash bedding more.

44
Q

What behaviours are increased in entire males that live together when they are coming into breeding season?
What can be done to reduce this?
What can be done at an early age to reduce biting?

A

Aggression and fighting.
Castration or hormonal implant.
Handle at early age.

45
Q

How can food be used as enrichment?

A

Hide food in toys or boxes.
Scatter feed.
Can provide occasional treats of raw eggs and raw bone.

46
Q

What can ferrets be vaccinated against? Risk of one of these?
What type of virus are ferrets susceptible to?

A

Distemper – none licensed in UK for ferrets so use dog one – Risk of anaphylaxis.
Rabies vaccination for overseas travel.
Susceptible to human cold/flu viruses.

am2 (6 decks)

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