RAAS

Question 1

Which organ is responsible for long term control of blood pressure?

Answer 1

Kidneys (involved in fluid retention etc.)

Question 2

Which part of the kidneys releases renin when the blood volume is low?

Answer 2

Juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys

Question 3

What are the stimuli for the release of renin?

Answer 3

Decreased renal perfusion pressure, decreased NaCl concentration, increased sympathetic nerve activity

Question 4

Which cells detect decreased renal perfusion pressure?

Answer 4

Granular cells

Question 5

Which cells detect decreased sodium chloride concentration

Answer 5

Macula densa

Question 6

How is increased sympathetic nerve activity detected?

Answer 6

Through activation of B1-adrenoceptors

Question 7

Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS).

Answer 7

. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
. ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
. Angiotensin II is converted to aldosterone

Question 8

Where is ACE found?

Answer 8

In the vascular epithelia in the lungs

Question 9

What is the overall effect of the RAAS system?

Answer 9

Increases blood pressure

Question 10

Write the equation that links total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, and blood pressure

Answer 10

BP = CO x TPR

Question 11

What is endotoxic shock?

Answer 11

Bacterial toxins cause vasodilation, which lowers BP (can lead to hypotensive shock)