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GCSE Religious Studies > RA to Matters of Life > Flashcards

RA to Matters of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Define embryo.

A

Fertilised ovum at around 12-14 days when implanted in the womb.

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2
Q

Define embryology.

A

The study of human embryos.

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3
Q

Define gene selection.

A

The genetic screening of embryos produced by IVF in order to implant only embryos with or without certain genes into the mother’s womb.

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4
Q

Give an advantage of gene selection.

A

Having a child with a genetic disorder could be avoided.

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5
Q

Give a potential problem with gene selection.

A

Some embryos would have to be destroyed in the process OR it could be considered discriminate towards disabled people if you choose the embryo to die because of a disorder - eugenics.

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6
Q

Define human genetic engineering.

A

The modification of gene make-up to change the features of a human.

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7
Q

Give an advantage of human genetic engineering.

A

The person could be born with desired characteristics, like a better aptitude for certain things.

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8
Q

Give a potential problem with human genetic engineering.

A

‘Designer babies’ could be made, which highly interferes with nature and could make an ideology of an ‘ideal human’, which is similar to Nazism.

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9
Q

Define designer baby.

A

Babies with characteristics chosen by their parents. Currently illegal in the UK.

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10
Q

Give an advantage of having a ‘designer baby’.

A

The child could have no weaknesses to certain health conditions like asthma, and could be stronger OR more intelligent - if everyone had intelligent designer babies, then the human race would progress much faster and solve more of the world’s problems.

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11
Q

Why are siblings engineered that can save the sibling’s life?

A

So stem cells from the umbilical cord can be used, or possible later donations of bone marrow, blood or organs.

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12
Q

Is creating siblings for the purpose of saving the other sibling’s life legal in the UK?

A

No.

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13
Q

Give the 2 main ethical arguments against ‘saviour siblings’.

A

It destroys other embryos, and the child may feel that they only exist to help their sibling.

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14
Q

Give an advantage of ‘saviour siblings’.

A

They can potentially save a life, while living a mostly complete life themselves.

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15
Q

Give a potential problem of ‘saviour siblings’.

A

The child may have to be careful for the rest of their life if they have donated an organ OR they may feel like they were unimportant as they were only created for their sibling.

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16
Q

What is the story in the Bible which suggests that masturbation is wrong?

A

The story of Onan (where he “spilled his seed on the ground”).

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17
Q

How was Onan punished?

A

He was executed by lightning.

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18
Q

Give the 2 Bible quotes and the Islamic teaching to suggest that fertility treatment is good.

A

“Love thy neighbour”, “Be fruitful and multiply”.

Muslims believe it is their duty to have children as they follow the example of Muhammad.

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19
Q

Give the 2 reasons why Roman Catholics in particular are against fertility treatment.

A

It often destroys embryos (they believe life begins at conception - do not kill); it involves masturbation.

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20
Q

Give the 4 main reasons why Christians (NOT including the Catholic specific beliefs) are opposed to fertility treatment.

A
  1. A third person may be involved (AID and surrogacy) which makes it like adultery;
  2. It could be used “unnaturally” so gay couples and single parents could have children;
  3. The child is not produced naturally, through intercourse;
  4. Could be seen as “playing God” and going against God’s plan.
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21
Q

What is the story in the Bible which suggests that masturbation is wrong?

A

The story of Onan (where he “spilled his seed on the ground”).

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22
Q

How was Onan punished?

A

He was executed by lightning.

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23
Q

Give the 2 Bible quotes and the Islamic teaching to suggest that fertility treatment is good.

A

“Love thy neighbour”, “Be fruitful and multiply”.

Muslims believe it is their duty to have children as they follow the example of Muhammad.

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24
Q

Give the 2 reasons why Roman Catholics in particular are against fertility treatment.

A

It often destroys embryos (they believe life begins at conception - do not kill); it involves masturbation.

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25
Q

Give the 4 main reasons why Christians (NOT including the Catholic specific beliefs) are opposed to fertility treatment.

A
  1. A third person may be involved (AID and surrogacy) which makes it like adultery;
  2. It could be used “unnaturally” so gay couples and single parents could have children;
  3. The child is not produced naturally, through intercourse;
  4. Could be seen as “playing God” and going against God’s plan.
26
Q

Define AIH.

A

Artificial insemination using the husband’s sperm.

27
Q

Define AID.

A

Artificial insemination using a donor’s sperm.

28
Q

Define artificial insemination.

A

Sperm medically inserted into the vagina to assist pregnancy.

29
Q

Define blood transfusion.

A

When a patient is given extra blood as part of an operation or after an emergency.

30
Q

Define cloning.

A

The scientific method in which organisms can be created which have exactly the same genetic makeup as the same DNA is used.

31
Q

Define conception.

A

The moment the sperm fertilises the egg.

32
Q

Define embryo.

A

Fertilised egg at around 12-14 days when implanted into the woman’s womb.

33
Q

Define ensoulment.

A

The belief that at one moment the soul enters the foetus.

34
Q

Define fertility treatment.

A

The medical procedure to assist an infertile couple to have a child.

35
Q

Define human experimentation.

A

Testing products, usually medicines, on paid human volunteers.

36
Q

Define human-animal hybrid embryo.

A

An embryo made from human DNA and animal eggs for the purpose of experimentation.

37
Q

Define IVF.

A

A scientific method of making a woman pregnant, which does not involve sex. Conception occurs via sperm and egg being placed in a test tube.

38
Q

Define quality of life.

A

A measure of fulfilment.

39
Q

Define quickening.

A

The first detectable movements of the foetus.

40
Q

Define the sanctity of life.

A

Life is precious and should not be taken as it is a gift from God.

41
Q

Define stem cell.

A

An unspecialised cell whose role is not yet determined, usually taken from a 4-5 day old embryo.

42
Q

Define transplant surgery.

A

When an organ is surgically removed from a donor and replaces a malfunctioning organ inside a patient.

43
Q

Define value of life.

A

The value of a person over and above their physical value.

44
Q

Define viable point.

A

The stage in which a foetus could survive (with medical assistance) outside of the womb.

45
Q

What cannot a surrogate mother be forced to do?

A

Give up her baby, no matters who’s DNA it carries.

46
Q

What is the only payment that can be given to a surrogate mother and what is a problem with this?

A

Expenses. Unfortunately, surrogates can demand unreasonably high amounts for expenses.

47
Q

What religion believes that we have lived before this life?

A

Hinduism.

48
Q

What religious group believes life begins at conception?

A

Catholics.

49
Q

At what point can scientists no longer experiment on or keep embyros?

A

14 days.

50
Q

At what time do Muslims believe ensoulment takes place?

A

16 weeks.

51
Q

At what time do the first brain waves happen?

A

14 days.

52
Q

At what time are the baby’s first heartbeats?

A

21 days.

53
Q

At what point can a mother no longer have an abortion (unless under special circumstances)?

A

24 weeks.

54
Q

Give the Bible quote which suggests that life begins in early on in the womb.

A

“You knit me together in my mother’s womb” Psalm 139.

55
Q

Why would a Christian break the 10 commandments? (QOL)

A

“Love thy neighbour” - Christians must do the most loving thing, even if it involves breaking other rules (e.g. Jesus worked on the Sabbath).

56
Q

Give the quote which would not let a Jehovah’s Witness have a blood transplant?

A

Bible: “The life of a creature is in its blood”.

57
Q

Why would a Muslim worry about having an organ transplant?

A

The dead body needs to be complete to be resurrected on Judgement Day.

58
Q

Why do most religious groups support transplants and blood transfusions?

A

They save lives and give a better quality of life.

59
Q

Give the Bible quote to show that we should not change who can have children and who cannot.

A

“All the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be.” Psalm 139:16

60
Q

Give the teaching in both the Qur’an and the Bible to say that you shouldn’t damage the body (Human Experimentation).

A

“Your body is a temple [of the Holy Spirit (Bible)]”

GCSE Religious Studies (8 decks)

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