R22 - Limitations

Question 1

What are the color codes for instrument markings?

Answer 1

Red: Operating limit
Yellow: Precautionary or special operating procedure range
Green: Normal operating range

Question 2

Airspeed limits: what is the Never-Exceed Airspeed (Vne)?

Answer 2

Up to 3,000’, it is 102KIAS

Higher than 3,000’, refer to never-exceed speed chart on page 2-11

Question 3

What are the maximum and minimum tachometer reading limits (and actual RPM) for power on? Power off?

Answer 3

Power on:
Max– 104% on tach (530 actual RPM)
Min– 101% on tach (515 actual RPM) [O-320, Beta]
Min– 97% on tach (495 actual RPM) [O-360, Beta II]

Power off:
Max– 110% on tach (561 actual RPM)
Min– 90% on tach (459 actual RPM)

Question 4

What engine/powerplant is in the R22?

Answer 4

A Lycoming O-320 or O-360 Four-cylinder reciprocating engine.

Question 5

What is the engine maximum speed?

Answer 5

2652 RPM (104% tach)

Question 6

What is the Cylinder Head maximum temp?

Answer 6

500°F

Question 7

Oil maximum temp?

Answer 7

245°F

Question 8

Oil Pressure minimum and maximum operating limits:

Answer 8

• Minimum at start: 25 PSI
• Minimum during flight: 55 PSI
• Maximum during flight: 95 PSI
• Maximum during start and warm-up: 115 PSI

Question 9

Oil quantity minimum for takeoff?

Answer 9

4 quarts – (Max is 6)

Question 10

What are the weight limitations in the Beta/Beta II?

Answer 10

Max gross weight: 1370 lbs
Min gross weight: 920 lbs
Max weight per seat, including baggage compartment: 240 lbs
Max weight in either baggage compartment: 50 lbs

(min weight of solo pilot: at least 135 lbs)

Question 11

Is aerobatic flight permitted?

Answer 11

No – it is prohibited.

Question 12

What type of cyclic maneuvers are prohibited?

Answer 12

Low-G cyclic pushovers are prohibited as they can cause a catastrophic loss of lateral control

Question 13

How do you eliminate a Low-G condition?

Answer 13

• Immediately apply gentle aft cyclic to reload rotor (restore positive “G” forces and maintain rotor RPM)
• If a right roll occurs, make sure not to apply any lateral cyclic until after reloading rotor

Question 14

When is flight with governor off allowed?

Answer 14

• During training of emergency procedures

- If governor is malfunctioning, it has to be switched off and throttle controlled manually.

Question 15

Flight in known icing conditions?

Answer 15

Prohibited

Question 16

Maximum operating density altitude?

Answer 16

14,000 ft

Question 17

Four things that must be operational for helicopter to be allowed to fly:

Answer 17

GOAL:
Governor
OAT gauge
Alternator
Low-rotor RPM horn

Question 18

Minimum crew?

Answer 18

At least one pilot – must be in right seat. If left seat is unoccupied, the seat belt must be buckled.

Question 19

Which lights must be operational in order for VFR operation at night to be permitted?

Answer 19

• Landing lights
• Navigation lights
• Anti-collision lights
• Instrument lights

Question 20

Approved fuel grades?

Answer 20

100LL aviation grade fuel (blue in color)

Question 21

What is the fuel tank capacity for R22s with bladder systems and without bladder systems?

Answer 21

In R22s with bladder, 26.3 usable gallons (16.9-M, 9.4-Aux) – 1.7gal unusable

In R22s without bladder, 29.7 usable gallons (19.2-M, 10.5-Aux) – 1.0gal unusable

Question 22

What are the airspeed indicator markings?

Answer 22

Green arc from 50-102 KIAS

Red line: 102 KIAS

Question 23

What are the rotor tachometer markings?

Answer 23

Yellow arc: 60-70%
Lower red line: 90%
Lower yellow arc: 90-101% (90-97% on Beta: O-320)
Green arc: 101-104% (97-104% on Beta: O-320)
Upper yellow arc: 104-110%
Upper red line:110%

Question 24

What are the engine tachometer markings?

Answer 24

Yellow arc: 60-70%
Lower red arc: 90-101% (90-97% on O-320)
Green arc: 101-104% (97-104% on O-320)
Upper red arc: 104-110%

Question 25

What are the Oil Pressure gauge markings?

Answer 25

Lower red line: 25 PSI
Lower yellow arc: 25-55 PSI
Green arc: 55-95 PSI
Upper yellow arc: 95-115 PSI
Upper red line: 115 PSI

Question 26

What are the Oil Temperature gauge markings?

Answer 26

Green arc: 75-245°F

Red line: 245°F

Question 27

What are the Cylinder Head Temperature gauge markings?

Answer 27

Green arc: 200-500°F

Red line: 500°F

Question 28

What are the MAP gauge markings?

Answer 28

Beta (O-320):
Green arc– from 21.0” Hg to 25.2” Hg
Red line– 25.2” Hg

Beta II (O-360):
Green arc– 19.6” Hg to 24.1 “ Hg
Red line– 24.1” Hg

Question 29

What are the markings on the Carburetor Air Temperature gauge?

Answer 29

Yellow arc: -15 to 5°C

Question 30

What are the flight restrictions with regard to wind for a pilot with less than 200 hours in helicopters and less than 50 hours in the R22?

Answer 30

1. Flight when surface winds exceed 25 kts is restricted
2. Flight when surface wind gust spreads exceed 15 kts is restricted.
3. Continued flight in moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence is restricted

Question 31

What should airspeed be adjusted to when encountering moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence?

Answer 31

60 to 70 KIAS (no higher than 0.7Vne and no lower than 57 KIAS)

Question 32

What is considered moderate turbulence?

Answer 32

Turbulence that causes:

• changes in altitude and attitude
• variations in indicated airspeed
• aircraft occupants to feel definite strains against seat belts