R22 - Limitations Flashcards
What are the color codes for instrument markings?
Red: Operating limit
Yellow: Precautionary or special operating procedure range
Green: Normal operating range
Airspeed limits: what is the Never-Exceed Airspeed (Vne)?
Up to 3,000’, it is 102KIAS
Higher than 3,000’, refer to never-exceed speed chart on page 2-11
What are the maximum and minimum tachometer reading limits (and actual RPM) for power on? Power off?
Power on:
Max– 104% on tach (530 actual RPM)
Min– 101% on tach (515 actual RPM) [O-320, Beta]
Min– 97% on tach (495 actual RPM) [O-360, Beta II]
Power off:
Max– 110% on tach (561 actual RPM)
Min– 90% on tach (459 actual RPM)
What engine/powerplant is in the R22?
A Lycoming O-320 or O-360 Four-cylinder reciprocating engine.
What is the engine maximum speed?
2652 RPM (104% tach)
What is the Cylinder Head maximum temp?
500°F
Oil maximum temp?
245°F
Oil Pressure minimum and maximum operating limits:
- Minimum at start: 25 PSI
- Minimum during flight: 55 PSI
- Maximum during flight: 95 PSI
- Maximum during start and warm-up: 115 PSI
Oil quantity minimum for takeoff?
4 quarts – (Max is 6)
What are the weight limitations in the Beta/Beta II?
Max gross weight: 1370 lbs
Min gross weight: 920 lbs
Max weight per seat, including baggage compartment: 240 lbs
Max weight in either baggage compartment: 50 lbs
(min weight of solo pilot: at least 135 lbs)
Is aerobatic flight permitted?
No – it is prohibited.
What type of cyclic maneuvers are prohibited?
Low-G cyclic pushovers are prohibited as they can cause a catastrophic loss of lateral control
How do you eliminate a Low-G condition?
- Immediately apply gentle aft cyclic to reload rotor (restore positive “G” forces and maintain rotor RPM)
- If a right roll occurs, make sure not to apply any lateral cyclic until after reloading rotor
When is flight with governor off allowed?
- During training of emergency procedures
- If governor is malfunctioning, it has to be switched off and throttle controlled manually.
Flight in known icing conditions?
Prohibited
Maximum operating density altitude?
14,000 ft
Four things that must be operational for helicopter to be allowed to fly:
GOAL: Governor OAT gauge Alternator Low-rotor RPM horn
Minimum crew?
At least one pilot – must be in right seat. If left seat is unoccupied, the seat belt must be buckled.
Which lights must be operational in order for VFR operation at night to be permitted?
- Landing lights
- Navigation lights
- Anti-collision lights
- Instrument lights
Approved fuel grades?
100LL aviation grade fuel (blue in color)
What is the fuel tank capacity for R22s with bladder systems and without bladder systems?
In R22s with bladder, 26.3 usable gallons (16.9-M, 9.4-Aux) – 1.7gal unusable
In R22s without bladder, 29.7 usable gallons (19.2-M, 10.5-Aux) – 1.0gal unusable
What are the airspeed indicator markings?
Green arc from 50-102 KIAS
Red line: 102 KIAS
What are the rotor tachometer markings?
Yellow arc: 60-70%
Lower red line: 90%
Lower yellow arc: 90-101% (90-97% on Beta: O-320)
Green arc: 101-104% (97-104% on Beta: O-320)
Upper yellow arc: 104-110%
Upper red line:110%
What are the engine tachometer markings?
Yellow arc: 60-70%
Lower red arc: 90-101% (90-97% on O-320)
Green arc: 101-104% (97-104% on O-320)
Upper red arc: 104-110%
What are the Oil Pressure gauge markings?
Lower red line: 25 PSI Lower yellow arc: 25-55 PSI Green arc: 55-95 PSI Upper yellow arc: 95-115 PSI Upper red line: 115 PSI
What are the Oil Temperature gauge markings?
Green arc: 75-245°F
Red line: 245°F
What are the Cylinder Head Temperature gauge markings?
Green arc: 200-500°F
Red line: 500°F
What are the MAP gauge markings?
Beta (O-320):
Green arc– from 21.0” Hg to 25.2” Hg
Red line– 25.2” Hg
Beta II (O-360):
Green arc– 19.6” Hg to 24.1 “ Hg
Red line– 24.1” Hg
What are the markings on the Carburetor Air Temperature gauge?
Yellow arc: -15 to 5°C
What are the flight restrictions with regard to wind for a pilot with less than 200 hours in helicopters and less than 50 hours in the R22?
- Flight when surface winds exceed 25 kts is restricted
- Flight when surface wind gust spreads exceed 15 kts is restricted.
- Continued flight in moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence is restricted
What should airspeed be adjusted to when encountering moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence?
60 to 70 KIAS (no higher than 0.7Vne and no lower than 57 KIAS)
What is considered moderate turbulence?
Turbulence that causes:
- changes in altitude and attitude
- variations in indicated airspeed
- aircraft occupants to feel definite strains against seat belts
