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Helicopter aviation > R22 - Emergency Procedures > Flashcards

R22 - Emergency Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Land Immediately

A

Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation, if required.

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2
Q

Define: Land As Soon As Practical

A

Landing site is at the discretion of the PIC, based on the nature of the problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport is ill-advised.

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3
Q

What causes a power failure?

A

Engine failure or drive system failure: usually indicated by the Low RPM horn.

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4
Q

What indicates engine failure?

A

A change (reduction) in noise level, nose-left yaw, oil pressure light or decreasing engine RPM.

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5
Q

What indicates drive system failure?

A

Unusual noise or vibration, nose-right or -left yaw or decreasing rotor RPM with increasing engine RPM.

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6
Q

What should you do with a power failure?

A

Immediately lower collective to enter autorotation.

Aft cyclic will be required if collective is lowered at high airspeed

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7
Q

What is the EP for a power failure event at an altitude higher than 500’ AGL?

A
  1. Lower collective to maintain rotor RPM
  2. Establish a steady glide of 65 KIAS
  3. Adjust collective to maintain RPM between 97 and 110 percent. (May need to apply full-down collective if low total gross weight prevents attaining higher than 97%)
  4. Select landing site and, if altitude permits, maneuver into the wind.
  5. Restart air procedure can be performed at pilot’s discretion.
  6. If not performing a restart, turn off all non-essential switches and fuel valve.
  7. Flare at 40’ AGL to reduce rate of descent and forward airspeed.
  8. Apply forward cyclic at 8’ AGL and raise collective just prior to touchdown in order to cushion landing.
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8
Q

What is the EP for a power failure that occurs below 8’ AGL?

A
  1. Apply right pedal
  2. Allow aircraft to settle
  3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
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9
Q

What is the maximum glide distance configuration?

A
  1. Airspeed approximately 75 KIAS
  2. Rotor RPM approximately 90%.
  3. Best glide ratio is about 4:1, or 1 nautical mile per 1500’ AGL.
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10
Q

What is the air restart procedure?

A
  1. Mixture - full rich
  2. Throttle, closed - cracked slightly
  3. Actuate starter with left hand.
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11
Q

What is the EP for emergency water landing - power off?

A
  1. Same as power failure over land until contacting water
  2. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact.
  3. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water in order to stop rotor blades.
  4. Release seatbelts and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.
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12
Q

What is the EP for emergency water landing - power on?

A
  1. Descend to hover above water.
  2. Unlatch doors.
  3. Let passengers out
  4. Fly to safe distance from passengers
  5. Switch off battery and alternator
  6. Roll throttle into overspring travel
  7. Keep level and apply full collective as the aircraft makes contact with the water
  8. Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotor blades
  9. Release seatbelt and quickly clear the aircraft when the rotors stop.
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13
Q

What is the EP for loss of tail rotor in forward flight.

A

(Indicated by nose-right yaw which cannot be corrected by left pedal)

  1. Enter autorotation
  2. Maintain 70 KIAS, if practical
  3. Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring, and perform autorotative landing
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14
Q

What is the EP for loss of tail rotor thrust in hover?

A
  1. Immediately roll throttle into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle
  2. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
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15
Q

What is the EP for engine fire during start on ground?

A
  1. Continue to crank and attempt to start which would suck the flames and excess fuel through the carburetor and into the engine.
  2. If engine starts, run at 50-60% RPM for a moment.
  3. Pull fuel mixture
  4. Shut off fuel valve
  5. Shut off Battery
  6. Apply rotor break, if time permits
  7. Exit aircraft
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16
Q

What is the EP for engine fire in flight?

A
  1. Enter autorotation.
  2. Turn off cabin heat
  3. Open cabin vent
  4. If engine is still on, perform normal landing, pull fuel mixture and shut off fuel valve. If engine is not running, shut off the fuel valve and complete autorotative landing.
  5. Shut off Battery
  6. Apply rotor break, if time permits
  7. Exit aircraft.
17
Q

What is the EP for electrical fire in flight?

A
  1. Switch off the battery and alternator (keeping in mind that the low RPM horn and the governor will be inoperative when off)
  2. Open cabin vents
  3. Land immediately.
  4. Fuel mixture off and fuel valve off.
  5. Apply rotor break, if time permits
  6. Exit aircraft
18
Q

What is the EP for a tachometer failure?

A
  1. Use remaining tach to monitor RPM.
  2. If not clear which is malfunctioning, or if both are malfunctioning, allow the governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical
19
Q

What is the EP for governor failure?

A
  1. Grip throttle firmly to override the governor.
  2. Switch off the governor
  3. Complete flight using manual throttle control
20
Q

What is the EP for the oil light?

A

(Oil light indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure)

  1. Check engine tachometer for power loss
  2. Check oil pressure gauge and if pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately.
21
Q

What is the EP for MR Temp, MR Chip, or TR Chip light?

A

If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem, such as a noise, vibration or temperature increase, land immediately. Otherwise, land as soon as practical.

22
Q

What is the EP for low fuel light?

A

Indicates approximately 1 gallon (1.5 with bladder) of usable fuel remaining (Approximately 5-10 minutes)

23
Q

What is the EP for clutch light?

A

(When switch is engaged, the light stays on until the belts are properly tensioned)

  1. If on for longer than 10 seconds, pull clutch circuit breaker and land as soon as practical.
  2. If there are other indications of a drive system failure, reduce power and land immediately.
  3. Be prepared to enter autorotation
  4. Have drive system inspected.
24
Q

What is the EP for alternator light?

A

(Indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure)

  1. Turn off non-essential electrical equipment.
  2. Switch ALT off and on after one second to reset.
  3. If light stays on, land as soon as practical.
25
Q

What is the EP for low RPM horn and caution light?

A
  1. Immediately roll on the throttle while simultaneously lowering the collective.

In forward flight, apply aft cyclic to convert forward airspeed to RPM

26
Q

What is the EP for a right roll in “Low G” condition?

A
  1. Gradually apply aft cyclic to restore positive “G” forces and maintain rotor thrust
  2. Do not apply lateral cyclic until positive “G” forces have been established
27
Q

What is the EP for starter light on?

A

If light does not go out when ignition switch is released from start position, immediately pull fuel mixture and switch off the Master Battery. Have the starter motor serviced.

28
Q

What is the EP for uncommanded pitch, roll, or yaw resulting from flight in turbulence?

A

Gradually apply controls to maintain rotor RPM, positive “G” forces, and eliminate sideslip. Minimize cyclic inputs in turbulence and DO NOT OVER CONTROL

29
Q

What is the EP for inadvertent encounter with moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence?

A

If isolated, depart the area. Otherwise land as soon as practical

30
Q

What is the EP for carbon monoxide light?

A
  1. Open cabin vent
  2. Turn off heat
  3. Transition to forward flight if hovering

If symptoms of CO poisoning, land immediately

31
Q

What is the EP for a power failure event between 8 and 500 ft AGL?

A
  1. Immediately lower collective to maintain rotor RPM
  2. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% - or apply full-down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
  3. Maintain airspeed until ground is approached. Then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed
  4. At about 8’ AGL, apply forward cyclic and raise collective just prior to touchdown to cushion landing
32
Q

What is the EP for a headset audio failure?

A

If headset audio fails, land as soon as practical

Helicopter aviation (20 decks)

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