R2103 1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTROL Flashcards
Physical control definition
Material, mechanical or hand control where the weed, pest or disease is directly blocked or destroyed
Physical control benefits x2
- Once established, remains for a long time
* Low maintenance
Physical control limitations x2
- Can be expensive to set up
* Can cause soil sterilisation and if pest or disease gets introduced it can cause much bigger impact
Physical control examples x1
Barrier - weed membrane, blocks sunlight for emerging weeds
Physical control enviromental risks
When not needed should be appropriatly destroyed as burning plastic can produce toxic fumes etc.
Cultural control definition
is a procedure or manipulation of the growing environment that results in weed, pest or disease control.
Cultural control benefits x2
- They fit with a regular routines e.g. feeding of the plants
- They have long lasting effects
Cultural control limitations x2
- Can time time consuming
* May lack the rapid control seen in chemical control
Cultural control example
The use of fertilisers - when adding major and minor nutrients it allows the plants to grow healthy and more resistant to pests and diseases
Cultural control enviromental risks
Overfertilising the growing media can cause the nutrients to leech into the waterways which can cause the grown of algea which then can kill the fish
Chemical control definition
Is the use of chemical substances intended to prevent or kill weeds, pests and diseases
Chemical control benefits x 2
- Control produces rapid control
* Producs are easily accessible
Chemical control limitations x2
- Products can be harmful to humans, animals and plants
* Can caise resistant strains to develop
Chemical control example
Herbicide - chemicals that are used to weed control i.e. glyphosate
Chemical control - enviromental risks
Herbicide affect every plant that is in contact unless they are resistant to need to be applied very carefully and on a still day
Biological control definition
The use of natural enemies to reduce the damage caused by pest or disease
Biological control benefits x2
- Non-toxic to humans, wildlife and pets
* A natural balance of parasite and predators is reached
Biological control limitations x2
- Required careful applicatio and knowledge of life cycles
* Can be easily affected by pesticides
Biological control example
Introducing indigenous specials like ladybirds who eat aphids
Biological control enviromental risk
Can be minimised by understanding what is being introduced
Natural balance definitions
It is important in plant protection because without any pests there would be no predators which also help in plant pollination
Benefits of lady birds
Both larvae and adults eat aphids and other insects
Benefits of lacewings
Eat aphids
Benefits of hoverfly adult
Pollination
Benefits of hoverfly larvae
Eat aphids
Benefits of frogs
Eat slugs
Benefits of hedgehogs
Eat slugs
Benefits of birds
Eat catterpillars etc.
How beneficial organisms can be encouraged x2
- Using plants that attract pollinators
* Installing specific habitats i.e. ponds to attract frogs
How garden practices can disturb these practices
- The use of pesticides - can kill benefitial insects which would help with pest control. Also killing all the pest would disturb natural balance and cause decline of beneficial insect population
- Cutting hedges during nesting season - if nests are disturbed it can reduce the amount of benefitial birds in the garden which prey on pests
Restoring and maintaining habitats x2
- Planting plants that can be used as habitats for beneficial insects or for them to lay eggs on
- Planting sacrificial plants in the garden which attract pests and help protect the crops but not destroying the pests which would still provide food for benefitial animals
How the selection of plants can help to avoid plant health problems x2
- Buying healthy looking plants that have no visible pest or disease damage help preventing introducing them in the garden
- Some cultivars are bred specifically to be resistant i.e. potato ‘Charlotte’ is resistant to blight
- Buying from certified stock
