R20 Questions Flashcards
Wardle refers to three “dark forces” in the propagation of online misinformation. What are they?
Automation, microtargeting, and coordination
What is disinformation and what motivates its purveyors?
Disinformation is content that is intentionally false and designed to cause harm.
Purveyors = motivated by making money, having foreign/domestic political influence, and causing trouble for the sake of it.
What is misinformation, who are its purveyors, and how do they come upon this misinformation?
Misinformation is falsely shared content by a person that doesn’t realize it is false or misleading. Its purveyors are people driven by sociopsychological factors.
What is malinformation and what motivates its purveyors?
Malinformation is when genuine information that is shared with wanting to harm others. Its purveyors are motivated by the desire to incite hatred towards a particular group.
How does context (not content) get weaponized in the spreading of misinformation.
Influence agents (bad actors) reframe genuine content and use hyperbolic headlines (relabel disinformation as satire).
Wardle notes that “Enthymemes are rhetorical devices where the argument is made through the absence of the premise or conclusion.” What extra step does this require from the reader/viewer and how does this make the memes more impactful on thought.
the persuasive technique; it allows for an individual to have the feeling of being connected to others.
What suggestions does Wardle make to solve the problem of how mis-(dis-)(mal-) information spreads?
Every person needs to recognize how they can develop a set of skills to navigate communication online.
