R/U

Question 1

Nelson and Strom, VCOT, 2017:
1.5mm locking adaption plate vs 2.0mm LC-DCP
Major complication rate for locking adaption plate vs LC-DCP?
What fracture configuration was most commonly associated with complications?

Answer 1

Nelson and Strom, VCOT, 2017:
Locking adaption plate: 50% major complication rate
LC-DCP: 14% major complication rate
Short oblique fracture configurations were most commonly associated with complications

Question 2

Watrous, VCOT, 2018:
1.5mm LCP vs 1.5mm straight plate vs 2.0mm straight plate
Which plate had the highest stiffness?
1.5mm LCP vs 1.5mm straight plate?

Answer 2

Watrous, VCOT, 2018:
The 2.0mm straight plate had the highest stiffness
The larger hole-to-hole distance of the 1.5mm LCP compared to the 1.5mm straight plate could limit the number of screws that can be placed in a small fragment, and the torsional stiffness of the 1.5mm LCP was not statistically different from that of the 1.5mm straight plate

Question 3

Aikawa, VCOT, 2018:
ORIF
Minor complication rate?
Major complication rate?

Answer 3

Aikawa, VCOT, 2018:
11% minor complication rate
6% major complication rate

Question 4

Aikawa, Vet Surg, 2019:
Free-form multiplanar type II ESF
What % healed in a median of 60 days?
Major complication rate?

Answer 4

Aikawa, Vet Surg, 2019:
100% healed in a median of 60 days
3% major complication rate

Question 5

Ree, Vet Surg, 2018:
Autologous greater omentum free graft vs autogenous cancellous bone graft
Minor complication rate with omental graft vs bone graft?
Major complication rate with omental graft vs bone graft?
Effects of omental graft on ground reaction forces?
What % developed osteopenia with omental graft vs bone graft?
Adverse effects of the omental graft?

Answer 5

Ree, Vet Surg, 2018:
Minor complications: 64% for omental graft vs 17% for bone graft
Major complications: 0% for omental graft vs 8% for bone graft
The omental graft group had improved ground reaction forces (increased peak vertical force and vertical impulse) and earlier return to weight-bearing
Osteopenia developed in 36% of the omental graft group vs 58% of the bone graft group
Adverse effects of the omental graft were limb swelling and erythema in 64% of the dogs due to reactive omentum becoming enlarged and edematous

Question 6

Munakata, VCOT, 2018:
Frozen cortical bone allograft + cancellous bone autograft + FGF-2 for nonunion
What % of cases achieved radiographic bone union and bone remodelling?

Answer 6

Munakata, VCOT, 2018:
100% of cases achieved radiographic bone union and bone remodelling

Question 7

Parent
ORIF distal RU in mini & toy breeds
JAVMA 2017

Answer 7

Mean distal-to-total radial length 0.21

95% no lameness
Complications 25%

Question 8

Basa
Kinematics of Feline Antebrachiocarpal
VCOT 2021

Answer 8

Translation & Rotation of Proximal Row of Carpal Bones independently from ulna in pronation

Question 9

Ree
Omentum Free Graft vs. Cancellous Bone Graft R/U
VetSurg 2018

Answer 9

Improvement in peak vertical Force
Omental > Bone Graft at 3 weeks

Radiographic healing
Omental 9 wk > Bone Graft 12 wk

Cortical Bone Density
Omental < Bone Graft

Question 10

% of Proximal vs. Distal Radius growth plate contribution to length

Answer 10

50/50
or
70/30

Question 11

Timing of radius/ulna physis closure

Answer 11

222-250d

Question 12

Mean radius procurvatum

Answer 12

26.6 degrees

Question 13

Methods of R/U fixation

Answer 13

ORIF
MIPO
External Fixator
-Linear (1a, 1b, 2)
-circular
-hybrid

Question 14

Bierens et al VetSurg 2017
What was the outcome of miniature circular external skeletal fixators for us in small and toy breed R/U fractures?

Answer 14

95% good to excellent outcomes
Fracture dynamization delayed radiographic union
Bone union in 33-84 days

Question 15

What were the findings of De Arburn Parent et al JAVMA 2017 regarding ORIF for R/U fractures in mini and toy breeds?

Answer 15

25% complication rate - vast majority minor
96% of owners reported good to excellent outcome
98% of dogs had post op external coaptaiton

Question 16

What did Ree et al VetSurg 2018 conclude about momentum free graft vs bone graft from R/U fractures in mini breeds?

Answer 16

Omental graft - faster bone union, greater peak vertical force, more vessels, no major complications
Bone graft - increased cortical bone density

Question 17

What did Fournet et al VCOT 2018 conclude about pin and tension band vs plate osteosynthesis for olecranon fractures?

Answer 17

Long term functional outcomes excellent regardless of technique used

complications more common with pin and tension band

Avoid pin and tension band in comminuted fractures

Question 18

According to Williams et al VCOT 2019 what is a rare, but severe postoperative complication following proximal ulnar osteotomy or osteotomy?

Answer 18

Lateral radial head subluxation

Question 19

Schmokel JSAP 2021

Novel titanium locking plates w/o antibiotics.

Average BW in this study

Deep infection rate

Answer 19

Average BW in this study
3.9 kg

Deep infection rate
3.1%

Question 20

Higuchi JSAP 2021

Orthogonal plating r/u fractures

Average weight

Complications observed

Answer 20

Average weight
3.5 kg

Complications observed
-Synostosis (n1)
-Refracture after cranial plate removal (n1)

Question 21

Muroi VCOT 2021
R/U fracture repairs

Patient under what age increased bone density after what time period?

When did pixel value improve in the plate removal group?

Answer 21

Patient under what age increased bone density after what time period?
-under 6 months
-increased after 3 months

When did pixel value improve in the plate removal group?
-after 3 months

Question 22

Radius Ex-Fix

Answer 22

Ia
Ib
II