R = Polymers, addition polymers and condensation polymers

Question 1

Define addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation

Answer 1

Addition polymerisation = A chemical reaction in which a polymer is formed from the adding together of many monomer molecules

Condensation polymerisation = The joining together of many of two different monomer molecules to form one single long molecule (polymer) during which a small molecule is removed (condensed). This is usually water

Question 2

Example and use of:

1-Natural polymer

2-Synthetic polymer

Answer 2

1-Protein (made from amino acids) - hair, bones, teeth…

2-Nylon -clothes

Question 3

Example of an addition polymer and it’s use

Answer 3

• Poly(styrene)

- Fast food cartons and other food packaging

Question 4

Macromolecules in food (3)

Answer 4

1-CARBOHYDRATES - contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Monosaccharide (has a single sugar unit). Made of glucose

2-CELLULOSE - It’s a polysaccharide and is made up of glycogen (a complex carbohydrate)

3-PROTEIN - Made up of amino acids

4-FATS - They’re not polymers. They are esters. Formed by reacting 3 molecules of a fatty acid with 1 molecule of glycogen

Question 5

Uses of Polythene

(low/high density)

(3 each)

Answer 5

LOW DENSITY:

• Plastic bags
• Gloes
• Clingfilm

HIGH DENSITY:

• Mugs
• Bowls
• Chairs

Question 6

Uses of Polychloroethene (PVC)

3

Answer 6

• Water pipes
• Wellingtons
• Hoses

Question 7

Uses of Teflon

3

Answer 7

• Coating frying pans to make then non stick
• Fabric protector
• Flooring

Question 8

Uses of Nylon

3

Answer 8

• Ropes
• Fishing nets and lines
• Clothes

Question 9

Uses of Terylene

2

Answer 9

• Clothing (especially when mixed with cotton)

- Thread

Question 10

Polythene and pollution?

4

Answer 10

• Plastic bags are left as litter
• Non biodegradable (can not be broken down by bacteria)
• Animals are unable to digest plastic
• Clog drains and sewers causing flooding

Question 11

Future for polymers?

Give an example.

Answer 11

BIO-POLYMERS:

-Grown in plants or made in tanks by bacteria

E.G

1-Plants that can produce plastic already exist. The part of the cells that made the plastic will be extracted when the plants are harvested. Plastic is extracted using a solvent which is then evaporated off afterwards

2-One strain of bacteria can feed on sugar from crops such as maize, to produce polyesters