A = Particle theory / Diffusion rate

Question 1

Describe an experiment to determine the diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride

Answer 1

1-Have a glass tube that is sealed at both ends with a rubber bung
2-Soak one piece of cotton wool with ammonia and the other in HCl
3-Observe the white ring of ammonium chloride forming.

-Note that the ammonium chloride is formed closer to the HCl soaked piece of cotton wool. That’s because ammonia particles travel faster (they’re lighter)

Question 2

Why does diffusion happen slower in cold water than hot water?

Answer 2

• The temperature of hot water is greater than that of cold water
• Particles have more energy and so they collide more often

In cold water the particles have less energy and don’t collide as often.

Question 3

Explain why diffusion takes place more slowly in liquids than in gases

Answer 3

Particles of a gas have more energy than if they are of a liquid

Question 4

Charge of:
1-proton
2-neutron
3-electron

Answer 4

proton = 1+
neutron = 0
electron = 1-

Question 5

Mass of:
1-proton
2-neutron
3-electron

Answer 5

proton = 1+
neutron = 0
electron = 1/2000

Question 6

Describe an experiment where you separate mixtures

Answer 6

-Separating salt from rock salt

1-Measure out the mass of rock salt and the volume of water you’re using for the experiment e.g. 6 spatulas of rock salt and 30ml of water

2-Stir the mixture with a glass rod for 5 minutes

3-Filter the mixture of water and rock salt by using filter paper. Catch the filtrate in a evaporating dish

4-Evaporate the filtrate using the heat of a bunsen burner