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WolfPacc Rheumatology/MSK > R/msk > Flashcards

R/msk Flashcards

1
Q

What is Metachromatic Leukodystrophy?

A

Arylsulfatase Deficiency. This will be in a child who presents like MS

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2
Q

What is Ataxia Telangiectasia?

A

This is an IgA Deficiency, patients have Spider Veins

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3
Q

What do you see in Friedreich’s Ataxia?

A

Retinitis pigmentosa Scoliosis

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4
Q

What is Adrenal Leukodystrophy?

A

Carnitine Shuttle (CAT-1), defective adrenal failure (XR linked), long chain fatty acid stuck in cytoplasm

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5
Q

What is Guillain-Barre?

A

Antibodies damage multiple peripheral nerves, (Acute inflammatory Polyneuropathy), patients present with ascending paralysis 2 weeks after a UTI

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6
Q

What is ALS?

A

Descending Paralysis seen in middle aged males with fasciculations, there are no sensory problems

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7
Q

What is Werdnig-Hoffman?

A

Fasciculations in a newborn due to failure of the anterior horns to develop

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8
Q

What is Polio?

A

Asymmetric fasciculations in Kids present 2 weeks after Gastroenteritis

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9
Q

What is Choreoathetosis?

A

Dance like movements, wringing of the Hands, quivering / unsteady voice

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10
Q

What is Atonic Cerebral Palsy?

A

No Muscle Tone - floppy

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11
Q

What is Seborrheic keratosis?

A

Tan-brown-black stuck on appearance (indicative of adenocarcinomas)

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12
Q

What is Stucco Keratoses?

A

Barnacles, white-flesh colored stuck on papules

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13
Q

What is Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra?

A

Variant of SK on the face/neck of dark-skinned (removal causes high risk of hypo pigmentation or keloids)

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14
Q

What are Cutaneous Horns?

A

Hard, conical projection of keratin (retained keratin on SK or wart)

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15
Q

What are Keratoacanthomas?

A

Smooth, dome-shaped, red papule with central filled keratin crater (precursor to SCC)

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16
Q

What are Skin Tags (Acrochordon)?

A

Flesh colored outgrowth of skin pedunculated lesion (short stalk)

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17
Q

What are Skin polyps?

A

Flesh colored outgrowth of skin pedunculated lesion (long stalk)

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18
Q

What is Dermatofibromas?

A

Deep papule or nodule with Retraction sign

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19
Q

What is Hypertrophic scar?

A

Remains within the borders of wound site

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20
Q

What is Keloid?

A

Extends beyond the borders of wound site

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21
Q

What is Epidermal Nevus?

A

Group of hamartomas that follow Blaschkos lines

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22
Q

What is Nevus Sebaceous?

A

Congenital smooth waxy hyperplasia of sebaceous gland

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23
Q

What are Sebaceous Cysts?

A

Small keratin filled central opening (pore), need to remove cyst wall and culture if infected, (drain and pack)

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24
Q

What is Pilar Cyst (wen)?

A

Scalp cyst, concentric layers of dried keratin (remove cyst wall)

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25
Q

What are Sebaceous Hyperplasias?

A

Umbilicated papule with flash white/yellow globules, treat with oral isotretinoin

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26
Q

What are Syringomas?

A

Sweat duct tumor on lower eyelid

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27
Q

What are Lipomas?

A

Subcutaneous fat cell tumors (round, mobile)

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28
Q

What is Impetigo?

A

Honey colored stuck on crusts (common in children); caused by bacteria, treat with topical antibiotics

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29
Q

What is Folliculitis?

A

Infection of hair follicle, treat with topical antibiotic

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30
Q

What is Furuncle?

A

Infection of hair follicle and surrounding tissue, treat with topical antibiotic

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31
Q

What is Carbuncle?

A

Infection of several hair follicles that extend into subacute fat, treat with oral antibiotics

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32
Q

What is Cellulitis?

A

Inflammatory infection caused by S. aureus or S. progenies. Causes edema, treat with oral antibiotics

33
Q

What is Erysipelas?

A

Superficial cellulitis, streak of red along lymph channel, treat with oral antibiotics

34
Q

What is in-patient diabetic foot infection?

A

Limb threatening, systemic toxicity, new osteomyelitis, aerobic + anaerobic, treat with oral antibiotics

35
Q

What is out-patient diabetic foot infection?

A

Non-limb threatening, contained to foot, treat with oral antibiotics

36
Q

What is KOH prep?

A

Visualize branching hyphae

37
Q

What is a Fungal Culture?

A

Identify species of dermatophyte, hair and nail only

38
Q

What is Woods Light?

A

Fungal infections of hair will flurries greenish, Tinea Versicolor, helps to see hypo pigmented lesions

39
Q

What is Tinea Pedis/Athletes foot?

A

Dermatophyte infection of the foot, grows in moist, heat, footwear

40
Q

What is Interdigital Tinea Pedis?

A

Infection of toe web space, dry and scaly or Macerated (with bacterial infection), treat with topical antifungals

41
Q

What is Plantar Hyperkeratotic?

A

Infection of entire sole, fine silver-white scales

42
Q

What is Tinea Pedis/Moccasin type?

A

Treat with topical antifungals

43
Q

What is Acute Vesicular Tine Pedis?

A

Vesicular eruption on sole or dorsum of foot, ID reaction causes inflammation in other areas (due to occlusive footwear), Treat with topical anti-fungal, Treat ID reaction with topical steroid

44
Q

What is Refractory Tinea Pedis?

A

Treat with oral antifungals

45
Q

What is the Treatment for Tinea Pedis?

A

Topical antifungals (first line) Oral antifungals (refractory) Oral antibiotics (secondary infection) Wide shoes Dry area, change socks Wet/dry compresses

46
Q

What is Tinea Corporis/Tinea Faciei?

A

Ringworm Annular Lesions, raised advancing Erythematous border and central clearing, on body, treat with topical antifungals

47
Q

What is Deep Inflammatory Tine Corporis?

A

Kerion due to Zoophilic Dermatophytes, treat with oral antifungals

48
Q

Before treatment with oral antifungals, you need?

A

KOH prep and monitor with CBC and LFT

49
Q

What is Tinea Manuum?

A

Infection of the hand dorm: annular lesions Palm: dry diffuse thickened skin Treat with topical antifungals, nails treat with oral

50
Q

What is Tinea Cruris Jock Itch?

A

Infection of the groin, red brown scaling, unilateral, half-moon papule and vesicles, treat with topical antifungals

51
Q

What is Candida of groin?

A

Bilateral and satellite lesions that extend to perineum

52
Q

What is Erythrasma?

A

Uni/bilateral brown scales that fluoresce coral red under woods light

53
Q

What is Non-Inflammatory Tinea Capitis?

A

Well Demarcated Alopecia with black dot appearance, treat with oral anti-fungal

54
Q

What is Inflammatory Tinea Capitis?

A

Scarring Alopecia, Kerion, treat with oral anti-fungal

55
Q

What is Pustular type of Tinea Capitis?

A

Alopecia with pustules (often mistaken for bacterial infection), treat with oral antifungals

56
Q

What is Tinea Barbae?

A

Infection of the beard, superficial annular lesions, deep follicular kerion-hair is easy and painless to remove, treat with oral antifungals

57
Q

What is Tinea Incognito?

A

Diffuse, scatter erythematous pustules Inflammation after steroids are discontinued. Treat with topical antifungals

58
Q

What is Monilial Vulvovaginitis?

A

Caused by Candida Albicans, yeast infection white discharge, can spread via satellite lesions, treat with topical/oral antifungals, (No oral if pregnant)

59
Q

What is Oral Candidiasis/Thrush?

A

Candida of Oropharynx, white film over mucous membrane, treat with gentian violet (first) oral antifungals (second), treat breastfeeding mother

60
Q

What is Candida Balanitis?

A

Candida of shaft/glans of penis Erythematous papules/pustules with white exudate, treat with topical anti-fungal (first) oral antifungal (second), steroid for inflammation

61
Q

What is Candida Intertrigo?

A

Infection of large skin folds, satellite lesions, fissuring, pustule type and Erythematous plaque type, treat with topical antifungals

62
Q

What is Diaper Candidiasis?

A

Infection between skin and wet diaper, red base with satellite lesions, treat with topical antifungals, antibiotic ointment for secondary infection

63
Q

What is Perleche/Angular Cheilitis?

A

Yeast or staph infection at angle of mouth, due to lip-licking, drooling, aggressive flossing, sore fissures that scale, treat with topical antifungals, avoid lip-licking

64
Q

What is Tinea Versicolor?

A

Caused by Pityrosporum species of yeast, common in sebaceous glands, KOH prep spaghetti and meatballs, woods light yellow-white, treat with anti-fungal shampoo (first), topical or oral anti-fungal

65
Q

What is Scabies?

A

Parasitic mite that burrows in finger webbing, intense Pruritus, treat with topical anti parasitic (first) oral anti parasitic (second), clean, dispose fomites, hot water

66
Q

What are Pediculosis/Lice?

A

Parasite feeds on human blood, lay nits, pubic lice most contagious STD, treat with topical anti-parasitic (first) oral anti-parasitic (second), nit combing

67
Q

What are Fleas?

A

Insects that jump from animals onto humans, cause of Bubonic Plague, bites are common on legs and ankles, treat pets, use antihistamines and lotions for itching

68
Q

What are Cimex Lectularius/Bed Bugs?

A

Blood sucking insects that hide in furniture, inject saliva into host, forms welts and itching, need to clean and keep good hygiene

69
Q

What is Black Widow Spider bite?

A

Female spider, toxin increases Catecholamines, leads to muscle cramping, HTN, tremor, treat with antivenom, ice to constrict vessels

70
Q

What is Brown Recluse Spider bite?

A

Causes rapid blue-gray halo, deep ulcer with scarring, can lead to thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, treat with antibiotics for severe necrosis, rest, ice, elevation, manage pain

71
Q

What is Lyme disease?

A

Tick borne, B. Burgdorferi, Erythema Migrans (bulls eye), Targetoid Lesion, EKG may show changes, presents with arthritis, treat with oral antibiotics

72
Q

What is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Tick borne, R. Rickettsia infects Endothelium of blood vessels, Petechiae rash, leads to decreased platelets, edema, hypotension, treat within one week with oral antibiotics

73
Q

What are Hymenoptera stings?

A

Bee/wasp/hornet/yellow jacket/fire ant stings, toxic run (burning, red wheal) or allergic RXN (IgE mediated), Anaphylaxis can lead to death, Epinephrine used for severe RXN

74
Q

What are Myiasis/Fly larvae/Maggots?

A

Infest by laying eggs on a blood sucking insect or infest directly thru opening, abscess lesion with central pore, patient feels movement in lesion, need to remove the larvae (can obstruct airway to kill it)

75
Q

What is Leishmaniosis?

A

Protozoan disease carried by sandflies, volcano like edges with central crater, ulcer heals with scarring, painless, need punch biopsy, culture and PCR, treat with CDC drug and antifungal

76
Q

What is Cutaneous Larva Migrans?

A

Creeping eruption caused by hookworm, wavy appearance, high risk if barefoot on sand or wet soil, treat with oral anti-parasitic

77
Q

What is Schistosoma Cercarial Dermatitis?

A

Swimmers itch, caused by larvae of flatworm in fresh water, papules/pustules form after water evaporates, intense pruritus, self-limited, control itching with antihistamines

78
Q

What are Jellyfish or Man of War stings?

A

Nematocyst from tentacle discharges poison, causes linear papule or wheals, immediate burning/numbness, treat with baking soda (east coast) or vinegar, alcohol kills toxins

WolfPacc Rheumatology/MSK (3 decks)

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