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Lifespan Human Development > Quizzez 1,2 and 3 > Flashcards

Quizzez 1,2 and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

(Q1) Unlike Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, the information processing approach

A

does not divide development into stages

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2
Q

(Q1) Unlike the psychoanalytical perspective, people move through a series of stages in which they…

A

confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations

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3
Q

(Q1) The field of human development is considered to be an applied discipline because…

A

Findings are used for practical reasons such to improve peoples lives

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4
Q

(Q1) According to the lifespan perspective…

A

Development is a lifelong practice

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5
Q

(Q1) In Broffenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, work benefits, such as flexible schedules and paid maternity leave take place in the

A

exosystem

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6
Q

(Q1)The _____ is the one the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable

A

Independent Variable

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7
Q

(Q1) In a cross-sectional design, researchers study

A

Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

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8
Q

(Q1) According to Jean Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, the structure of a child’s mind develop as the result of

A

efforts to achieve equilibrium between internal structures and the outside world

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9
Q

(Q1) Dr. Geib believes that even powerful negative influences in the first few years of life can be overcome by later, more positive events. Dr. Geib sees development as

A

Having substantial plasticity

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10
Q

(Q1) According to B.F Skinner, the frequency of behavior can be decreased through

A

Punishment

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11
Q

(Q1) According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child occur in the

A

Microsystem

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12
Q

(Q1) Annabelle uses symbols and engages in make-believe play. However, her thinking lacks logic. Annabelle is in Piaget’s__ stage of development

A

Preoperational

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13
Q

(Q1) The most influential kind of ___ theory emphasizes modeling

A

Social Learning

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14
Q

(Q1) Dr. Faulkner believe that directly observational events-stimuli and responses are the appropriate focus of the study of development. Dr. Faulkner probably follows the ___ perspective of development

A

Behaviorism

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15
Q

(Q1) Although their assessment were designed for different purposes, Hall, Gesell, and Alfred Binet all took a ___ approach to child development

A

Normative

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16
Q

(Q1) Freud’s psychosexual theory

A

was the first to stress the influence of early parent-child relationship on development

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17
Q

(Q1) Which method is best suited for finding out what contributes to the accomplishment of prodigies

A

Case study

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18
Q

(Q1) Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are ___ and ___

A

correlational; experimental

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19
Q

(Q1) In every science, research is based on a ____, a prediction about behavior drawn from a ____

A

Hypothesis; theory

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20
Q

(Q1) Dr. Holder is interested in the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on human development. This is known as the ____ controversy

A

Nature-Nurture

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21
Q

(Q1) Information- Processing researchers

A

Often design flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to solve problems and complete tasks

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22
Q

(Q1) Charles Darwin’s ____ emphasized two related principles; natural selection and survival of the fittest

A

Theory of evolution

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23
Q

(Q1) Cohort effects

A

results when individuals are influenced by a particular set of historical and cultural conditions

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24
Q

(Q1) The ethical principle of ___ requires special interpretation when the participants are children

A

Informed consent

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25
Q

(Q1) ___ Explains why some children are growing up in difficult circumstances thrive, while others are less successful

A

Resilience

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26
Q

(Q1) Dr. Anderson want to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. Dr, Anderson should use a __ design

A

Experimental

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27
Q

(Q1) A researcher using a structural interview would typically ask

A

The same set of questions in the same way to each participant

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28
Q

(Q1) Baby boomers are known for their collective emphasis on

A

The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility

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29
Q

(Q1) Today, research that ___ is increasingly common because it permits casual interferences with implications for enhancing development

A

Combines and experimental strategy with either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional approach

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30
Q

(Q1) Theorists who emphasize stability stress the importance of

A

heredity

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31
Q

(Q1) Today, Albert Bandura’s theory stresses the importance of

A

cognition

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32
Q

(Q1) ___ is concerned with the adaptive or survival value fo behavior and is evolutionary history

A

Ethology

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33
Q

(Q1) A special strength of the psychoanalytic perspective is

A

It’s emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

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34
Q

(Q1) By using ___ assignment of participants to treatment conditions investigators increase the chance that participants characteristics are equally distributed across treatment groups

A

random

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35
Q

(Q1) One strength off cross-sectional research is that

A

researchers need not be concerned with participant dropout or practice effects.

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36
Q

(Q2) Which age group is likely to do more niche-picking

A

Adolecents

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37
Q

(Q2) Active gene-environment correlation

A

Becomes common at older ages

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38
Q

(Q2) The sex of a new organism is determined by whether

A

an X-bearing sperm or a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovumm

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39
Q

(Q2) ___ can be routinely used to safely screen for abnormal fetal development

A

Amniocentesis

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40
Q

(Q2) Identical twins are created when

A

A zygote that has started to duplicates separates into two clusters of cells that develop into twins

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41
Q

(Q2) Which of the following statements about behavioral genetics is true

A

A growing number of researchers regard the question of how much heredity and environment contribute to the differences among people as unanswerable

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42
Q

(Q2) Compared to high SES parents and low SES parents are more likely to

A

Use coercive dicsipline

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43
Q

(Q2) Candace and Cassy, like all monozygotic twins,

A

Have the same genetic makeup

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44
Q

(Q2) As a group, wealthy parents

A

are nearly as physically and emotionally unavailable to their youngsters as parents coping with serious financial strain.

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45
Q

(Q2) ___ are more likely than other children to suffer deficits in cognitive development and academic achievement

A

Children of poverty

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46
Q

(Q2) When Harry, Ron and Hermione are all exposed to an environment with moderate level of stimulation

A

They will each respond differently to the same environment

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47
Q

(Q2) In the male,

A

The cells from which sperm arise are produced continuously through life

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48
Q

(Q2) Generally, human ___ come in 23 matching pairs

A

Chromosomes

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49
Q

(Q2) In several studies, affluent teenagers were ___ likely than low-SES youths to____

A

More; report high levels of anxiety and depression

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50
Q

(Q2) Which of the following American children is most likely to live in poverty

A

George; an African American

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51
Q

(Q2) According to the concept of epigenesis,

A

Development results from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and the environment

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52
Q

(Q2) The events that occur during ___ make the likelihood extremely low than non-twin siblings will be genetically identical

A

Meiosis

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53
Q

(Q2) Heritability estimates are controversial because they

A

Can easily be missapplied

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54
Q

(Q2Animal evidence suggests that one reason for an inconsistency in results from studies regarding the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals who are homozygous for a chromosome-5 gene (DD) may be that

A

Environmental influences associated with ADHD modify the genes activity

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55
Q

(Q2) Fraternal twins are created when

A

Two different ova are released and fertilized

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56
Q

(Q2) Gilles has frequent and high exposure to radiation in his occupation in the paste ten years. Gilles offspring are at a greater risk for ___ than children with fathers who were not exposed to radiation

A

Childhood cancer

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57
Q

(Q2) Bart and Nadia are gymnasts. Their son, 4 year-old Dylan, participates in children Gymnastics. This is an example of

A

A passive correlation

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58
Q

(Q2) Which of the following is a recessive characteristic

A

red hair

59
Q

(Q2) Parents and other caring adults can ___ gene-environment correlations by providing children with positive experiences that modify the expression heredity, yielding favorable outcomes

A

uncouple favorable

60
Q

(Q2) ___ is/ are the longest-lasting concept(s) for development

A

The family

61
Q

(Q2) Attempts to help children and youths have been difficult to realize in the U.S because

A

cultural values of self-reliance and privacy have made the government hesitant to become involved with family matters

62
Q

(Q2) Taylors 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. Taylor is a

A

Female

63
Q

(Q2) Gene therapy corrects genetic abnormalities by

A

Delivering DNA carrying carrying a function gene to the cells

64
Q

(Q2) Which of the following statements about vitro fertilization is true

A

The success rate of vitro fertilization declines steadily with age

65
Q

(Q2) An intellectually gifted child’s choice to participate in chess club is an example of

A

Niche-picking

66
Q

(Q2) Jenna’s mother tend to increase her use of punishment when Jenna becomes unruly and ungenerous. This is a(n) example of ___ influence between a parent and a child

A

direct

67
Q

(Q2) Mr. and Mrs. Parsons feel that and important factor in promoting their children’s academic success is frequent contact between their parents and teachers. The Parsons would most likely find this offspring in a(n)

A

Small Town

68
Q

(Q2) ___ measures the extent to which individual differences in a complex trait in a specific population are due to genetic factors

A

Heritability estimates

69
Q

(Q2) Adopted Children

A

Tend to have more learning and emotional difficulties than other children

70
Q

(Q2) Area agencies on aging

A

Offer communal and home-delivered meals, and a wide range of other services

71
Q

(Q2) Which of the following statements about public policies for older adults in the United States is true

A

During the 1960’s, U.S federal spending on programs for older adults was greatly expanded

72
Q

(Q3) Rh compatibility problems are more likely to occur if an Rh-negative mother is carrying her ___ baby

A

Second Rh-positive

73
Q

(Q3) Janelle is a firs-time mother. The first stage of her labor will probably last between ____ hours.

A

12 and 14

74
Q

(Q3) The effect of Teratogens

A

vary with the the age of the organism at the time of exposure

75
Q

(Q3) Not until ___ months to babies prefer the taste of salt to plain water

A

4

76
Q

(Q3) Between 23 and 30 weeks

A

connections from between the cerebral cortex and brain regions involved in plain sensitivity

77
Q

(Q3) Baby Taylors limb movements are gentle. He stirs occasionally and facial grimacing occurs. Although his eyelids are closed, occasional rapid eye movement can be seen beneath them. Taylor is most likely in which of the stages

A

Irregular sleep

78
Q

(Q3) Recent evidence shows that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception

A

Can alter gene expression thereby contributing to symptoms of partial fetal alcohol syndrome

79
Q

(Q3) fertilization usually takes place in the

A

fallopian tubes

80
Q

(Q3) ___ reduces the likelihood of birth complications and shortens labor

A

A supportive labor companion

81
Q

(Q3) Andrew received an Apgar score of 5. This means that Andrew

A

needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs

82
Q

(Q3) Willa gets regular headaches. While pregnant, Willa beings using aspirin to ease the pain because she is convinced that aspiring is harmless. Which of the effects can Willas regular aspirin use have on the developing organism

A

regular aspirin use is linked to low birth weight and poorer motor development

83
Q

(Q3) Touching newborn Sarah’s ___ is especially likely to elicit a respinse

A

Palms

84
Q

(Q3) Which of the following is the most likely to experience the greatest percentage of REM sleep

A

Cheryl, a preterm newborn

85
Q

(Q3) Ursula is in the second stage of labor. She can expect ___ during this stage.

A

her baby to be born

86
Q

(Q3) Small-for-date infants ___ than preterm infants

A

more often show evidence of brain damage

87
Q

(Q3) Dori take a vitamin A derivative called Accutane to treat her acne. Dori is considering becoming pregnant. Dori should know that the exposure to accutane during the

A

first tri-mester results in eye, ear, skull, brain, heart and immune system abnormalities.

88
Q

(Q3) A healthy diet that results in a weight gain of ___ pounds helps ensure the health of the mother and the baby

A

25-30

89
Q

(Q3) If not identified and treated during routine prenatal care ___ can cause sharp increases in maternal blood pressure, along with swelling of hand, face and feet in the last half of pregnancy

A

toxemia

90
Q

(Q3) What advice can you offer parents who want to reduce their newborn sons discomfort during circumcision

A

Offer a nipple that delivers sweet liquid while gently holding the baby

91
Q

(Q3) Forty years ago ___ was rare

A

Caesarean delivery

92
Q

(Q3) The rooting reflex

A

has survival value

93
Q

(Q3) Which of the following statements is supported by research on crying

A

Newborns often cry at the sound of another Newborn crying

94
Q

(Q3) Fetal monitoring

A

may identify babies as in danger, who, in fact are not.

95
Q

(Q3) The mesoderm will become the

A

muscles, skeleton, circulatory system and other internal organs

96
Q

(Q3) Research mentions that healthy women in their ___ have about the same rates of pregnancy complications as those in their ____

A

Thirties, twenties

97
Q

(Q3) When Jason bumps baby Grayson’s baby carrier, Grayson flings his arms wide and brings them back towards his body. Grayson’s reaction is the ___ reflex

A

Moro

98
Q

(Q3) Which of the following about HIV-infected expectant mothers is true

A

Antiretroviral drug therapy reduces prenatal AIDS transmission by as much as 95 percent

99
Q

(Q3) The Trophoblast

A

will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment

100
Q

(Q3) In the last weeks of pregnancy

A

Most fetuses assume and upside-down position

101
Q

(Q3) Which of the following mothers is most likely to have inadequate prenatal care

A

Harriet, who is uninsured and 22

102
Q

(Q3) The umbilical chord rarely tangles during pregnancy because

A

the force of blood flowing through keeps it firm

103
Q

(Q3) The ovum

A

is the size of a period at the end of a sentence

104
Q

(Q3) Birth weight

A

is the best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development

105
Q

(Q3) At birth, newborns prefer ___ to ___

A

Complex sounds; pure tones

106
Q

(Q3) The most common approach to pain during pregnancy is

A

epidural analgesia

107
Q

(Q3) As early as the third month of pregnancy

A

the fetus can suck its thumb

108
Q

(Q4) In an EEG

A

Brain-wave patterns are examined for stability and organization signs of mature cortical functioning

109
Q

(Q4) When skeletal ages are examined,

A

Girls are considerably ahead of boys

110
Q

(Q4) In the prenatal period, neurons

A

are produced in the embryos primitive neural tube

111
Q

(Q4) When diet and health are adequate ___ is largely influenced by heredity

A

height

112
Q

(Q4) A researcher hangs a mobile over the crib of 4-month year old Anya. When the researcher attaches Anya’s foot to the mobile with the long chord, Anya can, by kicking, make the mobile turn. The turning of the mobile is an example of a

A

reinforcer

113
Q

(Q4) Which of the following mothers is most likely to actively discourage rapid motor development

A

Biyaki, an Indian of southern Mexico

114
Q

(Q4) Western efforts to get infants to sleep through the night

A

May be at odds with the infants neurological development

115
Q

(Q4) Visual acuity improves steadily, reaching an adult level of about 20/20 by

A

4 years

116
Q

(Q4) Which of the following statements about the role of nutrition in development is true

A

Pound for pound, an infants energy needs are twice those of an adult

117
Q

(Q4) One surprising finding of infants face face perspective is that infants will will look longer at

A

attractive faces than unattractive ones

118
Q

(Q4) Which infant is the most likely to refuse to cross the deep-side of the visual cliff

A

James, who has been crawling for three months

119
Q

(Q4) In intermodal perception

A

babies make sense of visual, auditory, tactile, odor and taste information, perceiving them as integrated wholes.

120
Q

(Q4) In the second year, most toddlers

A

Slim down

121
Q

(Q4) ___, Infants can focus on objects as well as adults can

A

around two months

122
Q

(Q4) during infancy, girls

A

have a higher ratio of fat to muscles than boys

123
Q

(Q4) Every time Trisha bottle-fed baby Isabel, she stroke Isabels hair. In time, Isabel would make a sucking noise each time Trisha stroked her hair. In this example, ____ is the unconditioned stimulus

A

Formula

124
Q

(Q4) Newborns prefer to look at

A

A checkerboard with large, bold squares over one with many small squares

125
Q

(Q4) For synaptic pruning to advance

A

Appropriate stimulation of the child’s brain is vital during periods in which the formation of synapsis is at its peak

126
Q

(Q4) In the proximodistal trend, during infancy and childhood, the

A

ams and legs grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet

127
Q

(Q4) In operant conditiong

A

Infants behavior influences the stimuli that occur

128
Q

(Q4) A ____ plastic cerebral cortex has a ____ capacity for learning

A

Highly; high

129
Q

(Q4) Which of the following is an example of a gross-motor skill

A

crawling

130
Q

(Q4) In the Bucharest Early Intervention project, where specially trained social workers provided foster parents with counseling and support

A

The foster-care group exceeded the institutional-care group in intelligence test scores, language scores, and emotional responsiveness

131
Q

(Q4) When baby Jaleel was born, stimulation in his brain resulted in a massive overabundance of synapses. As synapses formed, many surrounding neurons died. The process is known as

A

Programmed cell death

132
Q

(Q4) Compared to breast-fed babies, bottle-fed babies

A

Have more respiratory illnesses

133
Q

(Q4) Which of the following babies is demonstrating ulnar grasp

A

Becky, who holds an object by folding her fingers against her palm

134
Q

(Q4) By focusing on the shift from a novelty preference to a familiarity preference, researches can use habituation to assess

A

Remote memory

135
Q

(Q4) Dr. Anderson wants to study infants ability to judge the distance of objects from one another and from themselves. Dr. Andersons research involves the study of

A

Depth perception

136
Q

(Q4) ___ Depth cues arise because out two eyes have slightly different views of the visual world

A

Binocular

137
Q

(Q4) Brain development in infancy and toddlerhood is

A

Jointly influenced by genetically programmed events and the child’s experiences

138
Q

(Q4) Research on hearing shows that infants

A

prefer to listen to their native language over foreign languages

139
Q

(Q4) The rise in body fat during the first year of life

A

helps infants keep a constant body temperature

140
Q

(Q4) Kipsigi infants walk considerably earlier than North American infants because

A

Kipsigi parents emphasize early motor maturity, practicing formal exercises to stimulate particular skills

141
Q

(Q4) Babies

A

Learn for their natural preference for novel stimulation

142
Q

(Q4) recent evidence indicates

A

A strengthening relationship between rapid weight gain in infancy and later stability

143
Q

Marasmus

A

is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients

Lifespan Human Development (2 decks)

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