Quizzez 1,2 and 3 Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
(Q1) Unlike Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, the information processing approach
A
does not divide development into stages
2
Q
(Q1) Unlike the psychoanalytical perspective, people move through a series of stages in which they…
A
confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations
3
Q
(Q1) The field of human development is considered to be an applied discipline because…
A
Findings are used for practical reasons such to improve peoples lives
4
Q
(Q1) According to the lifespan perspective…
A
Development is a lifelong practice
5
Q
(Q1) In Broffenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, work benefits, such as flexible schedules and paid maternity leave take place in the
A
exosystem
6
Q
(Q1)The _____ is the one the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable
A
Independent Variable
7
Q
(Q1) In a cross-sectional design, researchers study
A
Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time
8
Q
(Q1) According to Jean Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, the structure of a child’s mind develop as the result of
A
efforts to achieve equilibrium between internal structures and the outside world
9
Q
(Q1) Dr. Geib believes that even powerful negative influences in the first few years of life can be overcome by later, more positive events. Dr. Geib sees development as
A
Having substantial plasticity
10
Q
(Q1) According to B.F Skinner, the frequency of behavior can be decreased through
A
Punishment
11
Q
(Q1) According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child occur in the
A
Microsystem
12
Q
(Q1) Annabelle uses symbols and engages in make-believe play. However, her thinking lacks logic. Annabelle is in Piaget’s__ stage of development
A
Preoperational
13
Q
(Q1) The most influential kind of ___ theory emphasizes modeling
A
Social Learning
14
Q
(Q1) Dr. Faulkner believe that directly observational events-stimuli and responses are the appropriate focus of the study of development. Dr. Faulkner probably follows the ___ perspective of development
A
Behaviorism
15
Q
(Q1) Although their assessment were designed for different purposes, Hall, Gesell, and Alfred Binet all took a ___ approach to child development
A
Normative
16
Q
(Q1) Freud’s psychosexual theory
A
was the first to stress the influence of early parent-child relationship on development
17
Q
(Q1) Which method is best suited for finding out what contributes to the accomplishment of prodigies
A
Case study
18
Q
(Q1) Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are ___ and ___
A
correlational; experimental
19
Q
(Q1) In every science, research is based on a ____, a prediction about behavior drawn from a ____
A
Hypothesis; theory
20
Q
(Q1) Dr. Holder is interested in the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on human development. This is known as the ____ controversy
A
Nature-Nurture
21
Q
(Q1) Information- Processing researchers
A
Often design flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to solve problems and complete tasks
22
Q
(Q1) Charles Darwin’s ____ emphasized two related principles; natural selection and survival of the fittest
A
Theory of evolution
23
Q
(Q1) Cohort effects
A
results when individuals are influenced by a particular set of historical and cultural conditions
24
Q
(Q1) The ethical principle of ___ requires special interpretation when the participants are children
A
Informed consent
25
(Q1) ___ Explains why some children are growing up in difficult circumstances thrive, while others are less successful
Resilience
26
(Q1) Dr. Anderson want to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children. Dr, Anderson should use a __ design
Experimental
27
(Q1) A researcher using a structural interview would typically ask
The same set of questions in the same way to each participant
28
(Q1) Baby boomers are known for their collective emphasis on
The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility
29
(Q1) Today, research that ___ is increasingly common because it permits casual interferences with implications for enhancing development
Combines and experimental strategy with either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional approach
30
(Q1) Theorists who emphasize stability stress the importance of
heredity
31
(Q1) Today, Albert Bandura's theory stresses the importance of
cognition
32
(Q1) ___ is concerned with the adaptive or survival value fo behavior and is evolutionary history
Ethology
33
(Q1) A special strength of the psychoanalytic perspective is
It's emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history
34
(Q1) By using ___ assignment of participants to treatment conditions investigators increase the chance that participants characteristics are equally distributed across treatment groups
random
35
(Q1) One strength off cross-sectional research is that
researchers need not be concerned with participant dropout or practice effects.
36
(Q2) Which age group is likely to do more niche-picking
Adolecents
37
(Q2) Active gene-environment correlation
Becomes common at older ages
38
(Q2) The sex of a new organism is determined by whether
an X-bearing sperm or a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovumm
39
(Q2) ___ can be routinely used to safely screen for abnormal fetal development
Amniocentesis
40
(Q2) Identical twins are created when
A zygote that has started to duplicates separates into two clusters of cells that develop into twins
41
(Q2) Which of the following statements about behavioral genetics is true
A growing number of researchers regard the question of how much heredity and environment contribute to the differences among people as unanswerable
42
(Q2) Compared to high SES parents and low SES parents are more likely to
Use coercive dicsipline
43
(Q2) Candace and Cassy, like all monozygotic twins,
Have the same genetic makeup
44
(Q2) As a group, wealthy parents
are nearly as physically and emotionally unavailable to their youngsters as parents coping with serious financial strain.
45
(Q2) ___ are more likely than other children to suffer deficits in cognitive development and academic achievement
Children of poverty
46
(Q2) When Harry, Ron and Hermione are all exposed to an environment with moderate level of stimulation
They will each respond differently to the same environment
47
(Q2) In the male,
The cells from which sperm arise are produced continuously through life
48
(Q2) Generally, human ___ come in 23 matching pairs
Chromosomes
49
(Q2) In several studies, affluent teenagers were ___ likely than low-SES youths to____
More; report high levels of anxiety and depression
50
(Q2) Which of the following American children is most likely to live in poverty
George; an African American
51
(Q2) According to the concept of epigenesis,
Development results from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and the environment
52
(Q2) The events that occur during ___ make the likelihood extremely low than non-twin siblings will be genetically identical
Meiosis
53
(Q2) Heritability estimates are controversial because they
Can easily be missapplied
54
(Q2Animal evidence suggests that one reason for an inconsistency in results from studies regarding the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals who are homozygous for a chromosome-5 gene (DD) may be that
Environmental influences associated with ADHD modify the genes activity
55
(Q2) Fraternal twins are created when
Two different ova are released and fertilized
56
(Q2) Gilles has frequent and high exposure to radiation in his occupation in the paste ten years. Gilles offspring are at a greater risk for ___ than children with fathers who were not exposed to radiation
Childhood cancer
57
(Q2) Bart and Nadia are gymnasts. Their son, 4 year-old Dylan, participates in children Gymnastics. This is an example of
A passive correlation
58
(Q2) Which of the following is a recessive characteristic
red hair
59
(Q2) Parents and other caring adults can ___ gene-environment correlations by providing children with positive experiences that modify the expression heredity, yielding favorable outcomes
uncouple favorable
60
(Q2) ___ is/ are the longest-lasting concept(s) for development
The family
61
(Q2) Attempts to help children and youths have been difficult to realize in the U.S because
cultural values of self-reliance and privacy have made the government hesitant to become involved with family matters
62
(Q2) Taylors 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. Taylor is a
Female
63
(Q2) Gene therapy corrects genetic abnormalities by
Delivering DNA carrying carrying a function gene to the cells
64
(Q2) Which of the following statements about vitro fertilization is true
The success rate of vitro fertilization declines steadily with age
65
(Q2) An intellectually gifted child's choice to participate in chess club is an example of
Niche-picking
66
(Q2) Jenna's mother tend to increase her use of punishment when Jenna becomes unruly and ungenerous. This is a(n) example of ___ influence between a parent and a child
direct
67
(Q2) Mr. and Mrs. Parsons feel that and important factor in promoting their children's academic success is frequent contact between their parents and teachers. The Parsons would most likely find this offspring in a(n)
Small Town
68
(Q2) ___ measures the extent to which individual differences in a complex trait in a specific population are due to genetic factors
Heritability estimates
69
(Q2) Adopted Children
Tend to have more learning and emotional difficulties than other children
70
(Q2) Area agencies on aging
Offer communal and home-delivered meals, and a wide range of other services
71
(Q2) Which of the following statements about public policies for older adults in the United States is true
During the 1960's, U.S federal spending on programs for older adults was greatly expanded
72
(Q3) Rh compatibility problems are more likely to occur if an Rh-negative mother is carrying her ___ baby
Second Rh-positive
73
(Q3) Janelle is a firs-time mother. The first stage of her labor will probably last between ____ hours.
12 and 14
74
(Q3) The effect of Teratogens
vary with the the age of the organism at the time of exposure
75
(Q3) Not until ___ months to babies prefer the taste of salt to plain water
4
76
(Q3) Between 23 and 30 weeks
connections from between the cerebral cortex and brain regions involved in plain sensitivity
77
(Q3) Baby Taylors limb movements are gentle. He stirs occasionally and facial grimacing occurs. Although his eyelids are closed, occasional rapid eye movement can be seen beneath them. Taylor is most likely in which of the stages
Irregular sleep
78
(Q3) Recent evidence shows that paternal alcohol use around the time of conception
Can alter gene expression thereby contributing to symptoms of partial fetal alcohol syndrome
79
(Q3) fertilization usually takes place in the
fallopian tubes
80
(Q3) ___ reduces the likelihood of birth complications and shortens labor
A supportive labor companion
81
(Q3) Andrew received an Apgar score of 5. This means that Andrew
needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs
82
(Q3) Willa gets regular headaches. While pregnant, Willa beings using aspirin to ease the pain because she is convinced that aspiring is harmless. Which of the effects can Willas regular aspirin use have on the developing organism
regular aspirin use is linked to low birth weight and poorer motor development
83
(Q3) Touching newborn Sarah's ___ is especially likely to elicit a respinse
Palms
84
(Q3) Which of the following is the most likely to experience the greatest percentage of REM sleep
Cheryl, a preterm newborn
85
(Q3) Ursula is in the second stage of labor. She can expect ___ during this stage.
her baby to be born
86
(Q3) Small-for-date infants ___ than preterm infants
more often show evidence of brain damage
87
(Q3) Dori take a vitamin A derivative called Accutane to treat her acne. Dori is considering becoming pregnant. Dori should know that the exposure to accutane during the
first tri-mester results in eye, ear, skull, brain, heart and immune system abnormalities.
88
(Q3) A healthy diet that results in a weight gain of ___ pounds helps ensure the health of the mother and the baby
25-30
89
(Q3) If not identified and treated during routine prenatal care ___ can cause sharp increases in maternal blood pressure, along with swelling of hand, face and feet in the last half of pregnancy
toxemia
90
(Q3) What advice can you offer parents who want to reduce their newborn sons discomfort during circumcision
Offer a nipple that delivers sweet liquid while gently holding the baby
91
(Q3) Forty years ago ___ was rare
Caesarean delivery
92
(Q3) The rooting reflex
has survival value
93
(Q3) Which of the following statements is supported by research on crying
Newborns often cry at the sound of another Newborn crying
94
(Q3) Fetal monitoring
may identify babies as in danger, who, in fact are not.
95
(Q3) The mesoderm will become the
muscles, skeleton, circulatory system and other internal organs
96
(Q3) Research mentions that healthy women in their ___ have about the same rates of pregnancy complications as those in their ____
Thirties, twenties
97
(Q3) When Jason bumps baby Grayson's baby carrier, Grayson flings his arms wide and brings them back towards his body. Grayson's reaction is the ___ reflex
Moro
98
(Q3) Which of the following about HIV-infected expectant mothers is true
Antiretroviral drug therapy reduces prenatal AIDS transmission by as much as 95 percent
99
(Q3) The Trophoblast
will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment
100
(Q3) In the last weeks of pregnancy
Most fetuses assume and upside-down position
101
(Q3) Which of the following mothers is most likely to have inadequate prenatal care
Harriet, who is uninsured and 22
102
(Q3) The umbilical chord rarely tangles during pregnancy because
the force of blood flowing through keeps it firm
103
(Q3) The ovum
is the size of a period at the end of a sentence
104
(Q3) Birth weight
is the best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development
105
(Q3) At birth, newborns prefer ___ to ___
Complex sounds; pure tones
106
(Q3) The most common approach to pain during pregnancy is
epidural analgesia
107
(Q3) As early as the third month of pregnancy
the fetus can suck its thumb
108
(Q4) In an EEG
Brain-wave patterns are examined for stability and organization signs of mature cortical functioning
109
(Q4) When skeletal ages are examined,
Girls are considerably ahead of boys
110
(Q4) In the prenatal period, neurons
are produced in the embryos primitive neural tube
111
(Q4) When diet and health are adequate ___ is largely influenced by heredity
height
112
(Q4) A researcher hangs a mobile over the crib of 4-month year old Anya. When the researcher attaches Anya's foot to the mobile with the long chord, Anya can, by kicking, make the mobile turn. The turning of the mobile is an example of a
reinforcer
113
(Q4) Which of the following mothers is most likely to actively discourage rapid motor development
Biyaki, an Indian of southern Mexico
114
(Q4) Western efforts to get infants to sleep through the night
May be at odds with the infants neurological development
115
(Q4) Visual acuity improves steadily, reaching an adult level of about 20/20 by
4 years
116
(Q4) Which of the following statements about the role of nutrition in development is true
Pound for pound, an infants energy needs are twice those of an adult
117
(Q4) One surprising finding of infants face face perspective is that infants will will look longer at
attractive faces than unattractive ones
118
(Q4) Which infant is the most likely to refuse to cross the deep-side of the visual cliff
James, who has been crawling for three months
119
(Q4) In intermodal perception
babies make sense of visual, auditory, tactile, odor and taste information, perceiving them as integrated wholes.
120
(Q4) In the second year, most toddlers
Slim down
121
(Q4) ___, Infants can focus on objects as well as adults can
around two months
122
(Q4) during infancy, girls
have a higher ratio of fat to muscles than boys
123
(Q4) Every time Trisha bottle-fed baby Isabel, she stroke Isabels hair. In time, Isabel would make a sucking noise each time Trisha stroked her hair. In this example, ____ is the unconditioned stimulus
Formula
124
(Q4) Newborns prefer to look at
A checkerboard with large, bold squares over one with many small squares
125
(Q4) For synaptic pruning to advance
Appropriate stimulation of the child's brain is vital during periods in which the formation of synapsis is at its peak
126
(Q4) In the proximodistal trend, during infancy and childhood, the
ams and legs grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet
127
(Q4) In operant conditiong
Infants behavior influences the stimuli that occur
128
(Q4) A ____ plastic cerebral cortex has a ____ capacity for learning
Highly; high
129
(Q4) Which of the following is an example of a gross-motor skill
crawling
130
(Q4) In the Bucharest Early Intervention project, where specially trained social workers provided foster parents with counseling and support
The foster-care group exceeded the institutional-care group in intelligence test scores, language scores, and emotional responsiveness
131
(Q4) When baby Jaleel was born, stimulation in his brain resulted in a massive overabundance of synapses. As synapses formed, many surrounding neurons died. The process is known as
Programmed cell death
132
(Q4) Compared to breast-fed babies, bottle-fed babies
Have more respiratory illnesses
133
(Q4) Which of the following babies is demonstrating ulnar grasp
Becky, who holds an object by folding her fingers against her palm
134
(Q4) By focusing on the shift from a novelty preference to a familiarity preference, researches can use habituation to assess
Remote memory
135
(Q4) Dr. Anderson wants to study infants ability to judge the distance of objects from one another and from themselves. Dr. Andersons research involves the study of
Depth perception
136
(Q4) ___ Depth cues arise because out two eyes have slightly different views of the visual world
Binocular
137
(Q4) Brain development in infancy and toddlerhood is
Jointly influenced by genetically programmed events and the child's experiences
138
(Q4) Research on hearing shows that infants
prefer to listen to their native language over foreign languages
139
(Q4) The rise in body fat during the first year of life
helps infants keep a constant body temperature
140
(Q4) Kipsigi infants walk considerably earlier than North American infants because
Kipsigi parents emphasize early motor maturity, practicing formal exercises to stimulate particular skills
141
(Q4) Babies
Learn for their natural preference for novel stimulation
142
(Q4) recent evidence indicates
A strengthening relationship between rapid weight gain in infancy and later stability
143
Marasmus
is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients
