HDFS chapter 5

Question 1

Piagets Sensorimotor stage

Answer 1

Spans the first two years of life. Believes toddlers and infants think and hear with their eyes, ears, hands and other sensorimotor equipment.

Question 2

Paget’s Schemes

Answer 2

Organized way of making sense of experience

Question 3

Adaptation

Answer 3

building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.

Question 4

Assimilation (adaptation)

Answer 4

Using current schemes to interpret the external world

Question 5

Accommodation (adaptation)

Answer 5

Creating new schemes or adjusting old ones after noticing the current ones do not capture the environment completely

Question 6

Cognitive Equilibrium

Answer 6

Children are not changing much and assimilate more than accomodate

Question 7

Disequilibrium

Answer 7

During times of constant change, cognitive discomfort , realizing new information does not match common schemes

Question 8

Substage 1: Reflective schemes (Birth - 1 month)

Answer 8

Newborn Reflexes

Question 9

Substage 2: Primary Circular reactions (1-4 months)

Answer 9

Simple motor habits centered around the infants own body; limited anticipation of events

Question 10

Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (8-12 months)

Answer 10

Actions aimed at repeating interesting effects in the surrounding world. imitation of familiar behaviors

Question 11

Substage 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions (8-12 months)

Answer 11

intentional or goal-directed behavior. ability to find a hidden object in the first location in which it is hidden. Improved anticipation of events; imitation of behavior slightly different fro those the infant usually performs

Question 12

Substage 5: Tertiary Circular reactions (12-18 months)

Answer 12

Exploration of the property of objects by acting on them in novel ways. imitation of novel behaviors. ability to search in several locations for a hidden object

Question 13

Substage 6: Mental Representation (18 months - 2 years)

Answer 13

Internal depictions of objects and events as indicated by sudden solutions to problems ability to find an object that has been move while out of sight ; differed imitation and make-believe play

Question 14

Circular reaction

Answer 14

Means of building schemes in which infants try and repeat a chance event caused by their own motor activity

Question 15

Object Permanence

Answer 15

The understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight

Question 16

Mental representations (substage 6)

Answer 16

Internal depictions of information that the mind can manipulate

Question 17

Deferred imitation

Answer 17

The ability to copy and remember the behavioral models who are not present

Question 18

Violation-of-expectation method

Answer 18

A method in which researches show babies and expected event (consistent with reality) and an unexpected event (variation of first event that violates reality). Heightened attention to the unexpected event suggests that the infant is surprised by the deviation from physical reality and therefore is aware of the physical world

Question 19

Controversies in Violation-of-expectation method

Answer 19

limited, implicit awareness of physical events not a full-blown understanding

Question 20

Infants understanding of object permanence

Answer 20

Becomes increasingly complex with age

Question 21

Infants develop intentional means

Answer 21

7-8 months

Question 22

infants can solve problems by analogy

Answer 22

10-12 months