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fuck this shit (psychopharm 475) > quizzes exam 2 > Flashcards

quizzes exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The “Rat Park” experiments demonstrated that addiction rates are powerfully determined by

A

social and environmental factors

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2
Q

Drug vaccines, such as NicVax, are probably most effective at

A

preventing addiction

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3
Q

Relapse is most likely induced by all of the following EXCEPT:

A

decreased sensitivity of DA receptors

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4
Q

Stress impacts addiction in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A

stress increases the efficacy of addictive drugs

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5
Q

The reason antagonist administration strategies are often unsuccessful is due to

A

patient non-compliance

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6
Q

The mesolimbic pathway is made up of neurons that produce

A

dopamine

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7
Q

The drugs used in agonist substitution protocols tend to be chosen because they

A

have longer half-lives

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8
Q

The use of Chantix to help people stop using nicotine is an example of what kind of pharmaceutical approach?

A

partial agonist substitution

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9
Q

Administration of Methadone to heroin addicts is an example of

A

agonist substitution

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10
Q

Using naltrexone to treat alcohol is an example of which pharmaceutical approach?

A

antagonist administration

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11
Q

To which receptor does oxycodone bind the most?

A

Mu opioid

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12
Q

Suboxone is the combination of buprenorphine and

A

naloxone

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13
Q

What is the primary indication for acetaminophen?

A

analgesia and antipyresis

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14
Q

Which of the orders below describes the level of opiate potency, from lowest to highest?

A

opium, morphine, heroin

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15
Q

The cell bodies of nociceptors are found in the

A

dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord

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16
Q

Fentanyl is at least ____ times more potent than morphine

A

80 (-500x)

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17
Q

WOTF nuclei is NOT a part of the descending pain modification system?

A

nucleus basalts

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18
Q

Dull, diffuse pain signals are transmitted via _______ fibers

A

C

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19
Q

Compared to morphine, heroin is

A

more lipid soluable

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20
Q

The metabolism of codeine into morphine can be blocked by

A

SSRIs

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21
Q

Nicotine might be a helpful therapeutic for the treatment of

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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22
Q

Nicotine is extremely toxic when

A

taken orally

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23
Q

A serious side effect of varenicline is

A

seizures

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24
Q

Nicotine is an ACh

A

agonist

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25
Q

Varenicline is a/an

A

nicotine partial agonist

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26
Q

Caffeine is used off-label to treat migraine headaches, probably because it can

A

constrict cerebral blood vessels

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27
Q

Varenicline should not be combined with alcohol bc taking the two together

A

increases the effects of alcohol

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28
Q

WOTF compounds is NOT commonly found in e-cigarettes?

A

BPA

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29
Q

The route of administration affects nicotine’s

A

efficacy and potency

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30
Q

Nicotine has a negative interaction with

A

oral contraceptives

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31
Q

Compared to modafinil, methylphenidate is ______ effective for the treatment of ADHD, and ______ effective for the treatment of narcolepsy

A

equally; more

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32
Q

A drug that has the same effect as adrenaline is known as a

A

Sympathomimetic

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33
Q

The major pharmacodynamic mechanism of amphetamine is

A

increased release of neurotransmitters

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34
Q

WOTF is NOT a serious side effect of methamphetamine use?

A

liver failure

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35
Q

The primary indication of sibutramine is the treatment of

A

obesity

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36
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of amphetamine dependency include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

altered pain threshold

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37
Q

Methamphetamine is made from amphetamine by substituting a ______ group.

A

-CH3

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38
Q

Methamphetamine produces anorexigenic effects by

A

increased CART production in the hypothalamus

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39
Q

The therapeutic use(s) of amphetamine is/are:

A

treatment of both narcolepsy and ADHD

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40
Q

Cocaine should be used with caution in patients who have

A

cardiovascular disease

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41
Q

Zolpidem is used as a sleep aid bc it has a relatively _____ half-life and ______ metabolites

A

short; inactive

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42
Q

Benzodiazepines have largely replaced treatment for insomnia for the following reasons EXCEPT:

A

they are less addictive

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43
Q

The most common cause of death when combining benzodiazepines with another CNS depressant is

A

respiratory depression

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44
Q

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol bc it converts _____ into _____

A

acetaldehyde; acetate

45
Q

The half-life of ethanol is determined by all of the following EXCEPT:

A

amount consumed

46
Q

Temazepam is listed as pregnancy category ______

A

X

47
Q

What class of sedative is temazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

48
Q

A reason that women have higher blood ethanol levels than men, after accounting for size/weight, is bc women have

A

lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system

49
Q

The pharmacodynamic mechanisms of naltrexone are to

A

block opiate receptors

50
Q

What % of automobile accidents that result in at least one fatality are thought to involve alcohol?

A

50%

51
Q

In the US, marijuana is currently listed under which DEA scheudule?

A

I

52
Q

In CA, marijuana was legalized for non-medical use in

A

2016

53
Q

The route of administration of Sativex is

A

Oral mucosal spray

54
Q

WOTF is NOT a primary indication of dronabinol?

A

anxiety

55
Q

The major psychoactive ingredient in the marijuana plant is:

A

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

56
Q

Nabiximols is a

A

non-synthetic cannabinoid agonist

57
Q

Hashish and marijuana differ mainly in their

A

potency

58
Q

A primary indication for cannabidiol is

A

seizure reduction

59
Q

WOTF is NOT an off-label use for Epidiolex?

A

weight loss

60
Q

In the US, ______ states have legalized marijuana for either medical or recreational.

A

46

61
Q

The NMDA antagonist class of psychedelics was initially developed as

A

anesthetics

62
Q

The use of psychedelics is not recommended for people who have a history of

A

schizophrenia

63
Q

Ketamine is a/n ______ psychedelic

A

NMDA antagonist

64
Q

Mescaline is commonly derived from

A

peyote cactus

65
Q

The catecholaminelike psychedelics have major effects on the following neurotramsitters

A

serotonin and dopamine

66
Q

The molecular structure of LSD is very similar to that of

A

serotonin

67
Q

LSD is derived from

A

ergot

68
Q

What is the psychedelic class of mescaline?

A

enactogen

69
Q

WOTF is NOT a serotoninlike psychedelic?

A

PCP

70
Q

LSD has been studied as a treatment for all of the following EXCEPT:

A

cancer

71
Q

The following are all advantages of the partial-agonist substitution pharmacological approach EXCEPT:

A

blocks pleasurable effects of the drug

72
Q

The use of clonidine to treat alcohol/opiate addiction is an example of which pharmaceutical treatment strategy?

A

withdrawal maintenance

73
Q

The mesolimbic pathways begin the VTA and terminates in the

A

nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and PFC

74
Q

The biological definition of addiction states that addictive substances

A

activate the VTA pathway

75
Q

Ibuprofen is an especially good choice for

A

nursing mothers

76
Q

Combining acetaminophen w/ alcohol is dangerous bc it can result in

A

hepatotoxicity

77
Q

Vicodin is a combination of hydrocodone and

A

acetaminophen

78
Q

WOTF drugs is a good choice for “poor metabolizers” or patients with comprised liver function?

A

propoxyphene

79
Q

What type of opioid drug is pentazocine?

A

mixed agonist/antagonist

80
Q

Acetaminophen is not recommended for people who have

A

rheumatoid arthritis

81
Q

In addiction to stimulating mu opioid receptors, tapentadol also

A

blocks the NET

82
Q

Inhibition of COX-1 results in

A

upset stomach

83
Q

Caffeine is a/an

A

Adenosine antagonist

84
Q

What is the most widely abused substance in the world?

A

caffeine

85
Q

In terms of toxicity, nicotine has been compared to

A

cyanide

86
Q

The peripheral side effects of psychostimulants resemble activation of the

A

sympathetic nervous system

87
Q

An important target area in the brain for the therapeutic effects of methylphenidate is the

A

prefrontal cortex

88
Q

The excretion rate of methamphetamine is dependent upon

A

urine pH

89
Q

Who is most likely at risk of death after consuming cocaine?

A

an older adult in his 70s

89
Q

Cocaine is used medically

A

as an anesthetic

90
Q

Formication is defined as

A

the feeling of insects crawling under the skin

90
Q

What is the pharmacodynamic mechanism of methylphenidate?

A

blocks DA reuptake, increases DA release, stimulates DA receptors

90
Q

Severe acute liver toxicity can occur when alcohol is combined with

A

acetaminophen

91
Q

Ethanol is readily soluble in

A

both fat and water

92
Q

An individual’s reduction in problem-solving abilities when under the influence of alcohol is probably due to

A

an increase of DA release in the frontal lobes

93
Q

Epidiolex is _______ at CB receptors

A

partial agonist

94
Q

THC can take up to 5 weeks to be completely excreted from the body bc

A

it is highly lipid soluble

95
Q

The main ROA for dronabinol is

A

oral

96
Q

the most ubiquitous receptors in the brain appear to be those responsive to

A

cannabinoids

97
Q

Marinol is a

A

synthetic cannabinoid agonist

98
Q

What is the legal status of peyote in the US?

A

it is protected under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act for use by members of the Native American Church

99
Q

PCP is a/n

A

glutamate antagonist

100
Q

A therapeutic use of scopolamine is the treatment of

A

motion sickness

101
Q

The psychedelic whose action does not directly involve serotonin, dopamine, or acetylcholine neurons is

A

PCP

102
Q

WOTF is NOT an enactogen?

A

DMT

103
Q

Methylphenidate blocks the reuptake of

A

DA and NE

104
Q

Zolpidem is a

A

non-benzodiazepine BZRA

105
Q

Myristicin is derived from

A

nutmeg

fuck this shit (psychopharm 475) (2 decks)

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