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fuck this shit (psychopharm 475) > quizzes exam 1 > Flashcards

quizzes exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The blood-brain is most permeable to what kind of molecule?

A

small, lipid soluble

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2
Q

The CNS is comprised of…

A

the brain and the spine

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3
Q

WOTF is NOT part of the “reward circuit”?

A

tectum

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4
Q

Which division of the networks system controls the gut?

A

enteric

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5
Q

What ionic movement begins an action potential?

A

entrance to sodium (NA+) ions

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6
Q

Which division of the nervous system controls bodily organs, glands, ducts, and pupils?

A

Autonomic

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7
Q

An ion channel that contains a receptor site is called?

A

Ionotropic receptors

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8
Q

WOTF is NOT a monoanime?

A

glutamate

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9
Q

Which neurotransmitter is particularly important for mood, appetite; and sleep?

A

serotonin

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10
Q

Which ROA is characterized as “enteral”?

A

oral and rectal

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11
Q

Drugs administrated “sublingually” (under the tongue) and drugs administered orally are absorbed mostly in the ________ and ________.

A

mouth; small intestine

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12
Q

All of the following drug attributes DECREASE the likelihood of drug absorption EXCEPT:

A

small size - INCREASES likelihood of drug absorption

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13
Q

What are two main differences between capillaries in the periphery and capillaries in the brain?

A

capillaries in the brain have tighter junctions and are surrounded by membranes of astrocyte cells

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14
Q

Of the following, which is the most dangerous mode of drug administration?

A

intravenous

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15
Q

The degradation of drugs by enzymes present in the gastrointestinal tract and liver is known as:

A

first-pass metabolism

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16
Q

Most drugs are excreted via the

A

kidneys

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17
Q

The time for plasma level of a drug to fall by 50% is called the

A

elimination half life

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18
Q

The “steady-state” concentration of a drug is

A

achieved when the amount of drug administered per until time equals the amount eliminated per unit time

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19
Q

The ability of liver enzymes to degrade a drug more efficiently in the continued presence of the drug is termed

A

metabolic tolerance

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20
Q

WOTF drug names are capitalized?

A

trade

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21
Q

“Pharmacodynamic” tolerance occurs in the _________; “metabolic” tolerance occurs in the _________.

A

synapse/neuron; liver

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22
Q

The study of the effects a drug has when it binds to its target/receptor is termed

A

pharmacodynamics

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23
Q

A drug that is more efficacious than another drug has

A

a larger maximum effect

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24
Q

Most side effects are

A

predictable and mild

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25
Q

The observation that caffeine cannot exert as much CNS stimulation as amphetamine indicates that caffeine

A

is less efficacious than amphetamine

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26
Q

During pregnancy

A

intestinal motility decreases

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27
Q

A drug that is more potent than another drug has

A

a smaller ED50

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28
Q

According to the DEA, the most dangerous drugs are typically scheduled as

A

I (1)

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29
Q

Affinity refers to

A

the strength of attraction between molecule (ligand) and its target (receptor)

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30
Q

The therapeutic index (TI) refers to

A

relative safety of a drug

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31
Q

Compared to males, most females

A

have more fat

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32
Q

The dose of a drug that produces the desired effects in half of the subjects is called the drug’s

A

ED50

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33
Q

The term placebo is best described as

A

a pharmacologically inactive substance that elicits a significant therapeutic response

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34
Q

A drug that blocks the effect of the naturally occurring (endogenous) compound is called:

A

an antagonist

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35
Q

WOTF is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A

Disorganized behavior

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36
Q

Phenothiazines are in the class of antipsychotics known as

A

FGA

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37
Q

What is the primary indication of haloperidol?

A

psychosis

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38
Q

The word tardive in tardive dyskinesia indicates that the symptoms

A

appear later in treatment

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39
Q

Amisulphide is a good choice of antipsychotic for patients who have a high risk for

A

diabetes

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40
Q

In general, antipsychotics have _________ potential for dependence, and a _________ potential for tolerance.

A

weak and weak

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41
Q

The most problematic side effect caused by clozapine is

A

agranulocytosis

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42
Q

The single best predictor of antipsychotic efficacy in a drug is an affinity for _______ receptors

A

D2

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43
Q

WOTF is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A

Flat affect

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44
Q

An off-label use for risperidone is

A

OCD

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45
Q

Cariprazine should not be used by

A

Elderly patients with dementia related psychosis

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46
Q

What is the most common side effect of treatment with olanzapine?

A

weight gain

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47
Q

The percentage of the world’s population suffering from schizophrenia is

A

1%

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48
Q

Chlorpromazine was originally developed to be a

A

sedative

49
Q

Loxapine is the only antipsychotic that

A

is administered via inhalation

50
Q

The uncontrollable movements of muscles commonly in the limbs, face. and tongue produces by ACUTE treatment with antipsychotics are called

A

Dystonia

51
Q

The major side effect of the FGA is

A

motor impairment

52
Q

Impairment of memory is a side effect clearly associated with the use of

A

TCAs

53
Q

Compared to SSRIs, TCAs are:

A

equally effective, but have different side effects

54
Q

The tricyclic antidepressants differ from Prozac and Zoloft in that they also have major effects on _____.

A

Norepinephrine

55
Q

An SNRI would be a good treatment choice for someone with

A

MDD and pain

56
Q

The neurogenic theory of depression stems from recent findings that in the mature brain

A

neurons are capable of being repaired and produced

57
Q

What type of antidepressant is amitriptyline?

A

TCAs

58
Q

Of the following classes of antidepressant drugs, the one associated with the highest incidence of sexual dysfunction is

A

SSRIs

59
Q

If an SSRI is taken in conjunction with an MAOI, the levels of 5-HT can become dangerously high leading to

A

serotonin syndrome

60
Q

First-generation tricyclic antidepressants are defined by a commonality in basic

A

molecular structure

61
Q

What is the pharmacodynamic mechanism of bupropion?

A

It blocks DA and NE reuptake

62
Q

Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of

A

TCAs and MAOIs

63
Q

Which statement below best described the pharmacodynamics of escitalopram?

A

It primarily affects 5-HT systems with minimal effects on NE/DA/ACh systems

64
Q

Venlafaxine is a/an

A

SNRI

65
Q

Which neurotransmitters are affected by amitriptyline?

A

NE, ACh, 5-HT

66
Q

Valproate appears to be more effective for patients who have ___________, compared to lithium.

A

mixed episodes

67
Q

One of the biggest problems with carbamazepine is that it can induce

A

agranulocytosis

68
Q

Topamax is used in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder to decrease

A

weight gain

69
Q

Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is sometimes used to treat Bipolar Disorder because

A

it has rapid effects

70
Q

Atypical antipsychotics are often used as a first-line treatment for Bipolar Disorder bc

A

they have a safer profile than lithium

71
Q

The rate of suicide for bipolar patients is approximately _______ times that of the general population.

A

10

72
Q

One of the most serious side effects associated with taking Lamictal is

A

rash

73
Q

What is the ORIGINAL primary indication for lamotrigine?

A

Seizure disorder/epilepsy

74
Q

Bipolar patients spend most of their lives in a ____________ state

A

asymptomatic

75
Q

WOTF is NOT a side-effect of lithium?

A

Extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Rapid onset , reversible, gait disturbances, similar to Parkingson’s

76
Q

The therapeutic index for lithium is _________; the antidote for overdose is __________

A

low; unavailable

77
Q

Similarly to antidepressants, lithium appears to

A

increase neuroprotective factors

78
Q

Oxcarbazepine is an improvement of the carbamazepine molecule and has a better side effect profile/ WOTF is NOT one of the improvements?

A

Less weight gain

79
Q

Anti-epileptics include all of the following drugs except:

A

Lithium

80
Q

In addition to treating anxiety, Buspirone can be used to improve the ___________ side effects caused by SSRIs.

A

sexual

81
Q

Alprazolam is contraindicated in patients who

A

smoke

82
Q

Compared to barbiturates, benzos are

A

safer

83
Q

Barbiturates and benzos bind to what kind of receptor?

A

GABAA

84
Q

Of the following anxiety disorders, which one has equal gender ratios?

A

social anxiety

85
Q

Compared to benzos, SSRIs seem to be particularly effective for treating

A

OCD

86
Q

Propanolol is a

A

beta blocker

87
Q

WOTF neurotransmitters is NOT thought to be important to the etiology of anxiety?

A

dopamine

88
Q

Barbiturates. are in a class of drugs known as

A

sedative-hynoptics

89
Q

Venlafaxine is associateed with a higher risk of _______ in young (<24) patients

A

suicide

90
Q

Benzos differ from one another mainly in terms of

A

pharmacokinetics

91
Q

The most common sub-type of anxiety is

A

phobia

92
Q

Stimulation of the GABAA1 receptor is thought to result in all of the following effects EXCEPT

A

anxiolytics

93
Q

The most common cause of death when combining benzos with another CNS depressant (like alcohol) is

A

respiratory depression

94
Q

The anticipatory anxiety experienced by people who have panic attacks can sometimes progress to

A

agoraphobia

95
Q

Drugs that reduce the activity of the _________ seem to be particularly efficacious for treating Panic Disorder.

A

Lorus coeruleus

96
Q

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Buspirone?

A

it is immediately effective

97
Q

Unlike other anxiolytics, beta-blockers primarily work:

A

peripherally

98
Q

The cortical hyperactivity seen in patients with anxiety disorders is thought to be due to all of the following EXCEPT:

A

DA hypofunction

99
Q

WOTF is NOT a concern regarding barbituarates?

A

Some have extremely long half-lives

100
Q

What is the leading cause of PTSD?

A

automobile accidents

101
Q

In the past, use of kava has been linked to

A

hepatotoxicity

an acute or chronic liver injury

102
Q

All of the following are active compounds found in kava EXCEPT

A

terpene trilacones

103
Q

Pharmacodynamically, valerian is classified as an

A

GABA agonist

104
Q

Kava has pharmacodynamic effects very similar to

A

alcohol

105
Q

An important pharmacodynamic effect of gingko biloba is

A

anticoagulation

106
Q

An important property of omega-3 fatty acids is that they have ____________ effects.

A

anti-inflammatory

107
Q

The active ingredient is St. John’s wort is thought to be

A

hypericum perfortatum

108
Q

The pharmacodynamic mechanism of St. John’s wort is very similar to that of

A

TCAs

109
Q

Kava grows naturally in what part of the world?

A

South Pacific

110
Q

What part of the kava plant is traditionally consumed?

A

roots

111
Q

Gingko biloba is mainly used to improve:

A

cognition

112
Q

WOTF plants is NOT used as an anxiolytic?

A

Ma huang

113
Q

Valerian is best described as a/n:

A

sedative

114
Q

Toxicity can result from the consumption of the gingko biloba

A

seeds

115
Q

Valerian is commonly used to treat all of the following EXCEPT

A

high blood pressure

116
Q

WOTF conditions is ma huang used for?

A

asthma

117
Q

Gingko biloba should not be combined with

A

aspirin

118
Q

What is the ideal ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids?

A

1:1

119
Q

Ma huang should not be combined with caffeine, as this can increase the risk of

A

cardiac arrest

fuck this shit (psychopharm 475) (2 decks)

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