Quizzes Flashcards
Skeletal growth in living mammals is considered to be _1____, with most limb bones composed of a shaft or __2___ and an articular surface or __3___
- Determinate 2. Diaphysis 3. Epiphysis
List 4 kinds of intraspecific (within species) variation requiring the examination of more than one specimen of a given species
Sexual, ontogenetic (age/developmental), geographic, genetic, temporal, etc.
The dentition of living mammals is generally characterized as being
Heterodont and Diphyodont
The lower jaw (mandible) of all living adult mammals is composed of a
Pair of bones
The three inner ear ossicles of living mammals originate—evolutionarily and developmentally on the
Mandible
Hair is generally composed of _ layers
3
The correct term for a coat of hair is
Pelage
List 3 taxa that comprise a monophyletic group:
(guinea pig, mouse, rat) or (macaque, human, chimp) or (tenrec, armadillo, elephant)
What is the closest living relative of the Guinea pig?
The clade including rat and mouse
How long ago did tenrecs and elephants share a common ancestor?
79.7 Million Years Ago
Are galagos, humans, and chimpanzees monophyletic? Why or Why not?
No. Not all descendants of their MRCA are included (=macaque)
On the figure itself, draw a box or circle around any 5 taxa that make up a monophyletic group.
What are two purported advantages of a bony secondary palate?
- More efficient airflow
- Allows simultaneous running and chewing
- facilitates suckling
Bending side to side while holding your breath
What I was hoping people would notice (and about 1/3rd of the class did) was that when you bend this way—which is the way a lizard bends when walking/running—air is forced in and out of your lungs. By evolving a more upright posture (and commensurate limitation of limb movement [while running] to fore-and-aft rather than side-to-side), and a muscular diaphragm, mammals became far better at separating breathing from locomotion.
Refer to Figure 2-1 in your textbook. By your instructor’s count, there are four errors or inaccuracies in its caption (hint: there is nothing wrong with the tree itself or any of the labels). With reference to what you learned in the systematics lectures, identify any two and briefly describe why they are problematic
Neither “Tetrapods” nor “Amniotes” should be capitalized (first sentence), and in the third sentence, “more primitive” and “more derived” are misused in this context; by removing them entirely, the sentence is rendered perfectly accurate and acceptable. Several answered that labelled nodes are not clades, but that is incorrect. Clades can be labelled at the nodes (and, in fact, this is a more unambiguous way to identify/label monophyletic groups). However, I can understand the confusion and no points were deducted THIS TIME.
Are the wings of bats, birds, and pterosaurs homologous? Why or why not?
As wings, no. The common ancestor of all three did not possess wings. But the bones comprising the wings of all three ARE homologous (as are many muscles).
Hair is considered a ______ of mammals, but a(n) ______ of bats.
synapomorphy, symplesiomorphy
. List 2 terms used to describe the teeth in living mammals (with some exceptions in each case)
Heterodont and diphyodont
What is the correct name of the bone?
Ulna
Which of the following is part of the pelvic girdle in monotremes and marsupials but not eutherians?
Epipubic bones
The ____ Era, also known as the Age of _____, followed the _____ Era, also known as the Age of _____ the two are separated by the _____ Boundary around __ million years ago.
Cenozoic, Mammals, Mesozoic, Dinosaurs, K/T, 65
True or False: Mesozoic mammals were largely unspecialized and did not evolve notable locomotory or ecological specializations compared to modern mammals.
False
