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Energy Minicourse > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Global climate change has caused a change in worldwide temperature over the last 100 years of about ____ degrees C.

A

1

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2
Q

Processes contributing to an increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere include:

A

respiration, combustion, decomposition

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3
Q

Barry Commoner developed “Four Laws” for Earth’s ecology. What are they?

A

Everything is connected to everything else.
Everything must go somewhere.
Nature knows best.
There is no such thing as a free lunch.

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4
Q

Present emissions of carbon per year are approximately:

A

8 GtC

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5
Q

If nuclear power accounts for one wedge in carbon displacement, the increase in nuclear output from 2004 to 2054 would have to be a factor of:

A

2-3

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6
Q

If wind power accounts for one wedge of carbon displacement, the increase in wind power output from 2004 -2054 would have to be by a factor of:

A

40

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7
Q

One “wedge” is equal to:

Look at the units! this is not per year but for the entire 50 year period

A

25 GtC

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8
Q

One Quad is equal to:

A

10^15 BTU = 1 quadrillion BTU
10^18 joules
the amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 10^15 pounds of water by one degree F
1.055 EJ

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9
Q

units of energy include:

A

Joule
Calorie
kw*hr
electron volt

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10
Q

potential to kinetic

A

mgh = 1/2mv^2

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11
Q

crustal thermal exergy is mainly the result of:

A

solid earth tides
photosynthesis
nuclear fission of uranium

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12
Q

In the US, approximately 100 quads of energy are consumer each year. What percent of this energy is imported?

A

30%

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13
Q

The major source for global primary energy consumption is:

A

crude oil

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14
Q

Which country generates the highest proportion of its electricity from nuclear power?

A

France

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15
Q

The highest proportion of primary energy goes towards:

A

Production of electrical energy

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16
Q

Which of the following contribute a higher proportion to electrical energy than their share is towards primary energy consumption?

A

coal and nuclear

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17
Q

What is the power that 1 square meter receives from the sun outside earth’s atmosphere?

A

1.5 kW

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18
Q

Of each kW-hr of primary energy produced, the following percentage of energy is lost as unused energy:

A

2/3

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19
Q

The energy or heat per time that the gulf stream transports is equivalent to the output of:

A

1.5 million nuclear power plants

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20
Q

The world’s oil production of 70,000,000 barrels per day would fill Michigan Stadium up in about:

A

a little over an hour

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21
Q

Which of the following has the lowest energy content?

A

Lignite

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22
Q

Petroleum reserves are expected to last how many years at present levels of consumption?

A

less than 100

about 45

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23
Q

Methane:

A

CH4
GHG
exists in very low concentrations in the atmosphere

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24
Q

Ghawar is:

A

an oil field in saudi arabia

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25
Q

Which of the following cannot be an oil trap?

A

Syncline

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26
Q

What is the chemical formula for octane?

A

C8H18

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27
Q

The precursor for oil is:

A

plankton

28
Q

What is the type of rock called that forms when plankton sinks to the bottom of the ocean and gets buried?

A

Shale

29
Q

What is the sequence of products that form as you go down in ocean sediment?

A

shale
kerosene
oil
natural gas

30
Q

What is the purpose of oil refining?

A

to separate different fractions that will then be used for different purposes

31
Q

Nuclear power accounts for what percent of primary energy consumption in the world?

A

6%

32
Q

Uranium hexaflouride:

A

a gas used in the enrichment of Uranium

33
Q

Most of the radioactivity from the nuclear fuel cycle is located in:

A

the used/spent nuclear fuel

34
Q

The location of a geologic repository for used nuclear fuel used to be:

A

yucca mountain

35
Q

U-235 has:

A

92 protons, 143 neutrons

36
Q

in order to get a nuclear chain reaction started, we have to:

A

bombard U-235 with neutrons

37
Q

The conversion of Np-239 to Pu-239 is due to:

A

beta decay

38
Q

Which of the following is incorrect about the oxidation state of U?

A

the radioactivity of U depends on its charge/oxidation state

39
Q

Nuclear power:

A

works best to cover a constant base of electrical energy
produces an approximate output of 1000MW
produces about 1/6 of electrical energy worldwide
a little over 100 power plants in the US

40
Q

Cooling a power plant and providing steam for the turbines:

A

uses a humongous amount of water and the main problem is that the water gets heated up to much

41
Q

A hybrid car uses which two engines?

A

combustion and electric

42
Q

Co2 sequestration is primarily:

A

removal of CO2 from exhaust gases emitted by combustion of fossil fuels

43
Q

Hydroelectric power is:

A

comparably cheap

44
Q

renewable resources for energy (not counting hydroelectric) account for what percentage of primary energy consumption in the US?

A

1%

45
Q

What are the biggest concern about wind turbines?

A

eerie noise, not pretty

46
Q

Which of the following is true about tidal power plants?

A

they can be installed anywhere the difference between low and high tide is more than 5 meters

47
Q

electric cars may not be the ultimate solution because:

A

a lot of energy is lost during transfer of power and while charging the batteries

48
Q

how many wind turbines can produce as much power as a nuclear power plant?

A

1000-1500

49
Q

What do we get out of hydrofracking shale rock?

A

gas

50
Q

What is the location of the Marcellus Shale?

A 
New York
Pennsylvania
West Virginia 
Ohio 
Maryland
51
Q

Was the marcellus shale covered by ocean or was it terrestrial in the Devonian? What about Michigan?

A

both oceanic

52
Q

Which steps of typical oil production are we short-cutting by tapping into shale?

A

reservoir rock and trapping

53
Q

What is the estimated energy value of the Marcellus shale compared to known oil reserves in the world?

A

twice the reserves from Saudi Arabia

54
Q

what is a proppant?

A

a sand injected into the fracture generated to keep them open and permeable for gas production

55
Q

The approximate amount of water used to operate one decent-sized hydrofracking well is:

A

3 million gallons of water or about 22.5m^3, 74ft^3

56
Q

What chemicals are added to fracking water?

A

proppant, antifriction agents, antimicrobial agents

57
Q

Which process may compromise the advantage of shale gas as a “better fossil fuel” in terms of greenhouse gas emissions?

A

The release of stray methane because it is stronger than GHG and Co2

58
Q

What are problems with the water returned from the well?

A

Salty, may be too salty to be reinjected, May have dissolved significant amount of radioactive elements such as uranium and radium

59
Q

Which is true about coal and power plants?

A

the relative percentage of coal use is higher for electricity than for transportation, this is true because coal is more difficult to use for transportation

60
Q

which of the following has the lowest energy content?

A

lignite

61
Q

The country with the most coal reserves in the world is:

A

the United States

62
Q

most of the coal in the United States:

A

is extracted from surface mining
is from deposits west of the Mississippi
is bituminous
is used to generate electricity

63
Q

which is true about coal in the western united states?

A

extracted mainly by surface mining

64
Q

What does coal release when burned?

A

fly ash
chromium
mercury
arsenic

65
Q

What is the country with the highest coal production in the world?

A

China

66
Q

Acid mine drainage is the result of the formation of acid solutions due to the oxidation of:

A

iron sulfide

Energy Minicourse (8 decks)

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