Oil Flashcards
How many millions of barrels per day is the petroleum consumption in the US and the world?
US = 20 million barrels World = 95 million barrels
When was the peak of US oil production?
1970
9.64 million barrels a day
Chemical formula for methane, propane, octane, and which are solid, liquid gas
methane: CH4, liquid and gas
propane: C3H8, liquid and gas
Octane: C8H18, solid liquid gas
What is the mass of one mol of methane?
16.043
How much energy is stored in C-H and C=O bonds?
C-H: 420
C=O: 783
C=O has more energy due to double bond and bond length being shorter
What is napthalene?
a hydrocarbon used to create crude oil
What is natural gas made mostly of?
methane
What is the precursor of oil?
plankton
How is the chemistry of trees and plankton different?
Plankton is rich in lipids, trees contain cellulose and lignin
Why is upwelling water promoting algae blooms?
it is rich in nutrients
What is the type of rock that forms when planktons sink to bottom of ocean?
black shale
What are the transformation conditions for kerogen - > oil -> gas?
Kerogen to oil: solid kerogen turns to liquid oil 90 degrees C
OIl to gas: liquid oil turns into gas around 150 degrees C
diagenesis
a chemical/physical/biological change by a sediment after its lithification at 50 degrees C
catagenesis
compaction, expulsion of water
50-100 degrees C
Metagenesis
greater than 4km, greater than 150 degrees C, development of methane, dry gas with carbon rich residue
source rock
rock in which petroleum forms
reservoir rock
contains petroleum
cap and trap rocks
holds oil in
How long ago did the original plankton form that made the oil we are using now?
A few million years, 150 million years
What is the purpose of an oil refinery?
producing different fractions of oil
raises lightest fractions to the top and heaviest on the bottom
50% gas, 20% fuel oil, 7.5% jet fuel
How does refining work and what types of cracking mechanisms
hydrocarbons are separated using distillation
thermal cracking
catalytic cracking (adds hydrogen)
What do Hubbert curves describe?
rate of petroleum production tends to follow a bell-shaped curve
prediction regarding US oil peak was true
What are the approximate lifetimes of oil, natural gas and coal?
Oil: 45 years
Natural Gas: 75 years
Coal: 110 years
Which countries have the largest oil reserves?
- Venezuela
- saudi arabia
- canada
- iran
- iraq
