Quizzes

Question 1

You are performing an ultrasound exam of the liver on a small patient with a 5 MHz curved linear array. Although you have increased the overall gain to its maximum setting, the posterior border of the liver and diaphragm are not visualized. What should you do?

Answer 1

Rescan the liver with a lower frequency transducer

Question 2

What factor increases frame rate?

Answer 2

Decreased sector size

Question 3

How is the fundus of the stomach in relationship to the liver?

Answer 3

Anterior and lateral to left lobe

Question 4

The anterior segment of the right lobe contains what?

Answer 4

Anterior branch of right portal vein

Question 5

What is the only structure that the caudate lobe is anterior to?

Answer 5

Ligamentum venosum

Question 6

The right posterior subphrenic space which lies between the right lobe of the liver, right kidney and the right colic flexure is called what?

Answer 6

Morrison’s pouch

Question 7

What ligament divides the left lobe of the liver into medial and lateral segments?

Answer 7

Ligamentum teres

Question 8

You are scanning a patient with a known mass in the left medial segment of the liver. What anatomical landmark can you use to identify the left medial segment separate from the right anterior segment of the liver?

Answer 8

Middle hepatic vein

Question 9

You suspect enlargement of the caudate lobe in a patient with liver disease. What structure located at the anterior border of the caudate lobe will help you identify this lobe of the liver?

Answer 9

Fissure for ligamentum venosum

Question 10

Which vessel courses with the main loar fissure?

Answer 10

Middle hepatic vein

Question 11

What are the normal flow characteristics of portal vein?

Answer 11

Hepatopedal, unidirectional and phasic

Question 12

Sonographically portal vein can be differentiated from hepatic veins by comparing what?

Answer 12

Vessel wall thickness and echogenicity, orientation of the branches, waveform patterns, blood flow direction

Question 13

What separates the right lobe from the medial segment of left lobe?

Answer 13

Middle hepatic vein

Question 14

Left hepatic vein runs between which segments of the left hepatic lobe?

Answer 14

Medial (4a) and lateral (2, 3)

Question 15

You are asked to rule out the presence of a recannalized paraumbilical. What anatomic structure is a useful landmark in location of this structure?

Answer 15

Ligamentum teres

Question 16

Which veins of the abdomen join together to form the main portal vein?

Answer 16

Splenic vein and SMV

Question 17

Which vein runs between anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe of the liver?

Answer 17

Right hepatic vein

Question 18

Hepatic veins demonstrate what type of doppler spectrum?

Answer 18

Chaotic pulsatile phasic variations

Question 19

In which area of the liver does the left hepatic vein lie?

Answer 19

High sections (superior segments)

Question 20

In which area of the liver does the umbilical segment of the LPV lie?

Answer 20

Mid sections

Question 21

In which area of the liver does the ligamentum teres lie?

Answer 21

Lower sections

Question 22

Which abdominal vessel can be a landmark for HA in the area of the liver?

Answer 22

Main portal vein

Question 23

Hepatic artery may demonstrate increased flow velocity, if what is thrombosed?

Answer 23

Portal vein

Question 24

Focal fatty infiltration, focal fatty sparing, enlarged caudate lobe and an increase in liver echogenicity are all indicators of what?

Answer 24

Fatty Liver Disease (FLD)

Question 25

What are collateral vessels?

Answer 25

Secondary vessels that supply blood to obstructed vessels

Question 26

Which of the following forms the caudal border of the left portal vein?

Answer 26

Ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Question 27

Is fatty liver an irreversible disorder?

Answer 27

No (it's reversible)

Question 28

Can fatty liver be caused by obesity?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Can fatty liver be diffuse or focal?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Does fatty liver commonly cause increased attenuation of the sound beam through liver?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Does fatty liver cause increased through transmission to liver?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

A sonogram of the liver shows increased echogenicity with increased attenuation and decreased vascular borders. This most likely represents what?

Answer 32

Fatty liver

Question 33

True or false: liver cirrhosis accounts for over 90% of the cases of portal hypertension

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Is regenerating nodularity associated with cirrhosis?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

Is shrunken liver associated with cirrhosis?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

Are distorted vascular channels associated with cirrhosis?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

Is a diminished caudate to right lobe ratio associated with cirrhosis?

Answer 37

No, it's increased

Question 38

What are some of the signs of portal hypertension?

Answer 38

Collaterals and dilated main portal vein

Question 39

Is hepatomegaly a sign of portal hypertension?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

Is shrunken spleen a sign of portal hypertension?

Answer 40

No (megaly)

Question 41

What kind of hepatic resistance will occur with portal hypertension?

Answer 41

Increased

Question 42

What kind of portal pressure will occur with portal hypertension?

Answer 42

Increased