Quizzes

Question 1

6 criteria air pollutants

Answer 1

1. ozone
2. particulate matter
3. carbon monoxide
4. nitrogen oxides
5. sulfur dioxides
6. lead

Question 2

what is a xenobiotic?

Answer 2

any substance that is foreign to the body or an entire biological system

Question 3

the 3 primary routes of absorption are?

Answer 3

inhalation
ingestion
dermal absorption

Question 4

the 3 primary routes of excretion of toxins are?

Answer 4

urine
bile
breath

Question 5

what is the predominant CYP in the liver?

Answer 5

3A4

Question 6

what effect does fasting have on biotransformation?

Answer 6

fasting is not a good idea b/c biotransformation requires E that in a fasting state could only be spared at the expense of gluconeogenesis

Question 7

the EPA sets limits for how much pesticide can remain on food, these limits are known as?

Answer 7

MRLs: maximum residue limits

Question 8

which heavy metal is common in its organic form in shellfish and is one of the reasons you want to have your patients avoid seafood in the wk prior to testing?

Answer 8

arsenic

Question 9

what 2 pollutants combine to form ground level ozone?

Answer 9

VOCs + nitrogen oxides

Question 10

what are the primary causes of acid rain?

Answer 10

sulfur dioxide + nitrogen oxides

Question 11

VOC is an abbreviation for?

Answer 11

volatile organic compound

Question 12

how can we be exposed to VOCs?

Answer 12

ingestion
inhalation
topical absorption

Question 13

the main systems affected by VOCs are?

Answer 13

hematologic
nervous
immune

Question 14

one of the most serious health consequences of exposure to this VOC is leukemia as it basically causes cells to not work effectively, esp those of the BM

Answer 14

benzene

Question 15

this the component of non-stick or Teflon cookware that we are concerned about

Answer 15

plytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)

Question 16

the water-solubility of this toxic substance prevents its access to the lower respiratory tract

Answer 16

formaldehyde

Question 17

those who huff glue are mostly after this specific VOC that is 25x more reactive than benzene

Answer 17

toluene

Question 18

dry cleaned clothes that are brought home contain elevated levels of this VOC

Answer 18

tetrachloroethylene (aka perchloroethylene or PERC)

Question 19

this VOC is a precursor to many medications and is also found as an oral anesthetic ingredient in chloraseptic and carmex

Answer 19

phenol

Question 20

the most common VOC that is a potential occupational hazard for persons working in a histology lab and performing tissue processing is

Answer 20

xylene

Question 21

what is one major source of the new car smell?

Answer 21

vinyl chloride

Question 22

the main ingredient in mothballs is?

Answer 22

naphthalene

Question 23

this is a major component of tar from charred/grilled foods and tobacco smoke

Answer 23

benzo(a)pyrene

Question 24

what does PAH stand for?

Answer 24

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Question 25

this primary metabolite of nicotine can be used to assess tobacco exposure

Answer 25

cotinine

Question 26

this condition is pathognomonic for asbestos exposure

Answer 26

mesothelioma

Question 27

these 2 plastics together are considered the safest

Answer 27

2 and #4

Question 28

These are used as plasticizers and are of particular concern because they leech very easily

Answer 28

phthalates

Question 29

this substance is often found in packaging and in the metal coatings of cans

Answer 29

bisphenol A

Question 30

this species is considered “black mold”

Answer 30

staphybotrys chartarum

Question 31

what is the major severe health effect of vinyl chloride?

Answer 31

hepatic angiosarcoma