Quizzes Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of mutual exclusivity?
Upon seeing a duck and a novel object and hearing the word “blicket,” a child will learn that the novel object (and not the duck) is called a blicket.
(Yes - mutual exclusivity means that when one object is known, the novel label applies to the novel object)
What were the main findings of Kuhl’s study on phoneme discrimination?
It is possible to extend the window of time during which infants can differentiate non-native phonemes, but only when infants have a social interaction with a non-native speaker.
A child re-telling a story in the past tense says: “If Elmo eat-ed all that turkey, his tummy would have ker-sploded.” Using “eat-ed”, rather than “ate” is an example of:
Overregularization.
Which of the following is true regarding infant sucking and language processing?
Infants suck more (work harder) to hear their native language.
Which of the following best describes children’s code switching?
Children are intentional when they code-switch: they switch their language to resolve miscommunications.
In the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task, monolingual children make more sorting errors than bilingual children. What idea do these findings support?
Monolingual children have weaker inhibitory control than bilingual children.
(performing well on this task requires inhibiting the initial response in order to respond correctly.)
Which of the following is an example of the whole object assumption?
After watching someone point to a novel animal and say “modi” a child will think “modi” is the word for the whole animal, not for its traits (e.g. horns) or its attributes (e.g., personality).
(Yes, this assumption is about applying new terms to a basic level category of the item)
How does iconicity affect how Deaf children learn different signs?
Iconicity is not necessary to learn signs: it is just as easy for Deaf children to learn iconic and non-iconic signs.
Which of the following is evidence that 18-month-olds understand that other people’s mental states can differ from their own?
They give people foods they like, even if it conflicts with their own preference.
(Yes- An 18-month-old will give an experimenter broccoli if she likes it)
Infants will turn a light on with their hand when watching a hands-occupied actor use her head. However, they will turn the light on with their head when watching a hands-free actor use her head. What does this tell us about how infants imitate actions?
Infants imitate goals rationally, rather than just actions.
(Yes- infants only use their head when it seems like that part of the action was intentional).
Which of the following is true regarding parents’ expectations about gender and motor ability?
Parents are more likely to overestimate their sons’ motor abilities and underestimate their daughters’ motor ability.
(Yes- although there are no gender differences in crawling behavior parents of boys expect them to be more risky)
In a study, children played a game and then were told that another child (either of their gender, the opposite gender, or an unmentioned gender) did better than they did. Which of the following is NOT true regarding children’s performance on the second round relative to the first?
It did not change after being told that a child of unidentified gender had done better.
(Correct - this is NOT true because children in general get better on the second round due to practice)
Which of the following is NOT true about how generic language influences children’s social category reasoning?
Using a novel group’s name (e.g. saying “This Zarpie”) increases essentialism.
(Correct- specific labels do not increase essentialism)
Which of the following is true regarding the racial preference in children?
Black children show lower levels of both explicit and implicit race preferences than White children.
Which of the following best summarizes the results of the Carolina Abecedarian Study that assessed the effects of early interventions on later IQ scores and academic outcomes?
Providing quality interventions to infants of low SES families has long lasting effects on their IQ scores and other academic outcomes.
Fraternal twins and non-twin siblings each have the same amount of genetic overlap (i.e., they share 50% of their genes). Which of the following best describes the correlations of IQ scores within these two types of relationship?
Fraternal twins have more shared experiences, so their IQ scores are more highly correlated than the IQ scores of non-twin siblings.
Yes - shared genes and shared environment both impact IQ development
Which of the following is NOT true about Kohlberg’s theory of moral judgement?
People’s judgments of moral dilemmas determine what stage of moral development they are in.
(Kohlberg was focused on the why rather than the judgment itself)
Researchers have shown that even infants are able to differentiate between unwilling and unable experimenters. Why is this an issue for Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s stage theories of moral development?
This suggests that infants attend to intention, which Piaget thought only developed later in childhood.
(Yes- Piaget would expect infants to value outcomes over intentions)
Infants take longer to touch real plants and artificial plants than novel artifacts with leaf-like shapes and colors, familiar artifacts, and inanimate natural entities (e.g., shells). What does this mean?
Infants avoid touching plants, which can reduce their exposure to toxins
(Yes- Infants show a reluctance to touch plants (both real and artificial) compared to the other stimulus types. This plant-specific avoidance helps protect them from contact with harmful plant toxins)
Children do not typically say that plants are “alive” until:
Children are around 10 to 12 years of age
(Yes- despite understanding quite a lot about plants and plant properties very early in life, children do not typically say that plants are “alive” until later in childhood)
