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GEOHAZARD > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

It is a situation where the probability of
injury, mortality, or damaged properties
to an area or population in a specific
period is reduced at a level that is
relatively safe following the
establishment of one or a combination of
mitigation measures

A

Acceptable risk

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2
Q

True or False: Incremental geologic
processes cannot trigger large-scale
disasters.

A

False

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3
Q

These are maps that show the level to
which an area or population is exposed
or at risk to a specific geological hazard.

A

Susceptibility map

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4
Q

It is a geochemical classification which
groups the chemical elements according
to their preferred host phases (i.e.,
lithophile-silicate loving; siderophile-iron loving; chalcophile- sulfur loving;
and atmophile- gas loving).

A

Goldschmidt Classification

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5
Q

True or False: An electronegativity
difference of lesser than 1.68 indicates
that the chemical bonding undergone by
a mineral or compound is dominantly
covalent.

A

True

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6
Q

It is a mantle convection model that
contends that there exists two largely
disconnected convective layers i.e., a
dynamic upper layer driven by
descending slabs of cold oceanic
lithosphere and a sluggish lower layer
that carries heat upward without
appreciably mixing with the layer above.

A

Layer cake model

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7
Q

Continental crusts have an average
silica concentration of ______________
ppm

A

650,000 ppm

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8
Q

It is a statement that a high probability
of a hazardous event is imminent based
on a forecast.

A

Warning

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9
Q

It is a line Bureau of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources which is
responsible for the rational administration and
disposition of mineral lands and resources,
development of mining, geological,
metallurgical, chemical and related
technologies thru basic and applied
researches, and inventory of mineral resources.
This agency conducts studies related to rain-induced landslide, flooding, ground
subsidence, and coastal hazards

A

Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB)

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10
Q

It is an aspect of vulnerability that
refers to the ability of a population to
cope and/or prepare to the impacts of a
particular hazard

A

Adaptive capacity

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11
Q

What are five most common geological
hazards in the Philippines?

A

Tsunami, mass wasting, volcanic eruption, earthquake, flood

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12
Q

What does the acronym PAGASA and
PHIVOLCS stand for, respectively?

A

PAGASA - Philippines Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute if Volcanology and Seismology

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13
Q

Idealized cross-section of an ophiolite sequence

A

Layer 1 - deposited sediments
Layer 2A- Pillow basalt
Layer 2B - Sheeted dikes
Layer 3 - Gabbro
Layer 4 - Ultramafic / Peridotite

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14
Q

These are zones of earthquake hypocenters
where there is a planar zone of seismicity which
is inferred to correspond with the down-going
slab in a subduction zone.

A

Benioff-Wadati zone

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15
Q

How long was the ground rupture that
manifested during the Luzon 1990 magnitude
7.8 earthquake? The ground rupture
transected from Dingalan, Aurora to Kayapa,
Nueva Vlzcaya as a result of strike-slip
movements along the NW segment of the
Philippine Fault Zone and its splay, the Digdig
Fault

A

125 km

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16
Q

True or False: Deformation involves dilation
and distortion

A

true

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17
Q

These are surface waves that move the
ground from side to side in a horizontal plane
but at right angles to the direction of
propagation

A

love waves

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18
Q

Give at least two difference between
conventional and alternative geophysical
methods to study earthquakes and/or map
faults

A

Conventional - intrusive, specific
alternative - non-intrusive, covers wide area

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19
Q

It is the approximate maximum depth to
which earthquakes can occur

A

680-700 km

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20
Q

Low-rise buildings have __________________
period compared to high-rise buildings

A

Shorter

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21
Q

It is a phenomenon where sand/silt-rich
strata behave in a fluid-like manner in response
to strong ground shaking.

A

Liquefaction

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22
Q

Strong earthquakes have magnitudes
ranging from ________ to __________

A

6.0-6.9

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23
Q

It is a branch of seismology concerned with
the offsets in sedimentary strata proximal to
fault zones to determine probable recurrence
intervals of major earthquakes prior to
historical records

A

Paleoseismology

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24
Q

It refers to the remaining country rock
material at the site of melting. It usually occurs
during the production of granite and is
composed predominantly of mafic minerals.

A

Residue

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25
Q

What is the average silica concentration of
magmas expelled from active volcanoes in the
Philippines?

A

55% - 65%, andesitic

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26
Q

True or False: Basaltic lavas that solidify at
near-surface conditions may produce vesicle-bearing to scoriaceous textures

A

True

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27
Q

It is a pyroclastic material composed of 45%
lithic lapilli, 20% lithic ash, and 30% vitric
bombs

A

tuff breccia

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28
Q

What are the two subprocesses of magmatic
assimilation process

A

stoping and shouldering

29
Q

True or False: Andesitic magmas that
generate more evolved granitic magmas are
considered primary magmas

A

false

30
Q

What are the factors that influence the
degree of explosiveness of a volcano?

A

gas content, silica content, viscosity

31
Q

The Mt. Pinatubo eruption triggered up to a
__________ degrees Celsius drop in global
temperature

A

0.25 - Pinatubo
3.0 - Tambora

32
Q

It is a relative measure of the explosiveness
of volcanic eruptions. It is classified based on
the volume of erupted tephra

A

Volcanic Explosivity Index

33
Q

What type of volcanic hazard caused
majority of the casualties following the
eruption of the Mt. Krakatau in Indonesia?

A

Tsunami

34
Q

True or False: Tsunamis have shorter
wavelengths compared to wind-generated waves due to their high wave
velocity.

A

False

35
Q

When did the Mw 8.1 Moro Gulf
Earthquake and Tsunami occurred? What
specific tectonic feature generated the
earthquake?

A

August 17, 1976

36
Q

It is a phenomenon where the
apex of a tsunami wave reaches the
coast first

A

Run-up

37
Q

Calculate the wave base and wave
amplitude if (1) the total distance
between three consecutive wave crests is
300 meters and (2) average distance
between succeeding wave crests and
troughs is 30 meters

A

wave base = total distance between three consecutive wave crests/2 = 300/2 = 150

wave amplitude = average distance between succeeding wave crests and troughs/2 = 30/2 = 15

38
Q

It is a Japanese-derived term which
literally means “harbor wave”

A

Tsunami

39
Q

True or False: Tsunamis achieve their
highest velocity and wave height along
ocean basins and near coastlines,
respectively

A

True

40
Q

True or False: Ophiolite obduction
may have triggered tsunami events

A

True

41
Q

Enumerate at least four (4) processes
that can trigger a tsunami

A

underwater explosion, volcanic eruption, earthquake, meteorite impact, underwater landslide

42
Q

The December 24, 2004 Indian Ocean
Tsunami was triggered by what
magnitude earthquake along the oceanic
trench off the coast of Sumatra,
Indonesia

A

9.1

43
Q

What triggered the March 27, 1964
Good Friday earthquake in Alaska?

A

drop down of deposited sediments

44
Q

What GIS tool allows the extraction of
specific elevation values for tsunami
inundation modelling?

A

raster calculator

45
Q

These are coalesced dolines.

A

Uvala

46
Q

It is the slowest type of mass
movement

A

creep

47
Q

These are materials that are still in place
and adjacent to the highest parts of the
main scarp.

A

crown

48
Q

It is a process involving the
detachment of soil or rock from a steep
slope and the more or less free and
extremely rapid descent of the material

A

fall

49
Q

It is defined as the lowering of the land
surface due to sinkhole development

A

subsidence sinkhole

50
Q

What are the two types of slides?

A

rotational landslide
translational landslide

51
Q

What is the difference between mass
wasting and erosion?

A

Mass wasting is under erosion

52
Q

Landslides are what specific type of
mass movement?

A

slump

53
Q

These are weathered in-situ
hillslope materials

A

regolith

54
Q

These are commonly used to anchor
loose rocks to more massive, solid
bodies of rock; applicable on areas that
have highly fractured rocks are exposed
on steep slopes and where weakness
planes are inclined in the
same direction as the slope

A

rock bolts

55
Q

When did the Cherry Hills Landslide
occurred?

A

August 1-3, 1999

56
Q

What are the ions produced during
the interaction of calcite and carbonic
acid?

A

Ca^+2 + 2HCO3^-2

57
Q

It is the part of a landslide that marks
the farthest point that the slid mass has
reached.

A

tip

58
Q

What are the specific mass movement
types that occurred during the
Guinsaugon Landslide in 2006?

A

complex slide (rockslide - debris avalanche)

59
Q

The likelihood of ground subsidence in
areas to be developed that are underlain by
highly fragmented limestone can be
reduced/mitigated by what means?

A

Grouting

60
Q

It is a term referring to stream-sink or
point/s at which a stream disappears
underground. These features are typical
in karstic areas.

A

Ponor

61
Q

It is an institutional planning tool developed
by Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) through Administrative
Order No. 28, series of 2000 (DENR AO 2000-
28) on March 2000 to safeguard development
projects from the hazards caused by
geological phenomena.

A

Engineering Geological and Geohazard Assessment (EGGA)

62
Q

It is the part of a landslide that has
formed in the lower boundary of the
displaced material below the original
ground surface.

A

Zone of separation

63
Q

What is the range of slope values for
gently sloping to undulating topography,
based on DENR’s slope classification
category?

A

3-8

64
Q

These features form in an analogous
manner to subjacent karst-collapse
dolines, with a blanket of superficial
deposits or thick soil being washed or
falling into widened joints and solution
pipes in the limestone beneath.

A

Suffossion dolines

65
Q

True or False: In the context of
triggering mass wasting events, frictional
resistance and slope have an inverse
correlation

A

True

66
Q

True or False: The factor of safety is the ratio
of the allowable stress to the actual stress: A
factor of safety of 1 represents that the stress is
at the allowable limit. A factor of safety of less
than 1 represents likely failure. A factor of
safety of greater than 1 represents how much
the stress is within the allowable limit.

A

True

67
Q

What is the difference between a high
vs. very high landslide susceptible area?

A

High - old/inactive landslide
very high - recent/active landslide

68
Q

What GIS tool is used to delineate
concave, convex, and flat areas?

A

Curvature

69
Q

How does pore pressure influence
ground subsidence? What are the
processes that may alter the subsurface
pore pressure?

A

Right amount of pore pressure is needed, too much fracture; not enough subsidence is likely to occur

GEOHAZARD (3 decks)

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