Quizzes

Question 1

It is a situation where the probability of
injury, mortality, or damaged properties
to an area or population in a specific
period is reduced at a level that is
relatively safe following the
establishment of one or a combination of
mitigation measures

Answer 1

Acceptable risk

Question 2

True or False: Incremental geologic
processes cannot trigger large-scale
disasters.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

These are maps that show the level to
which an area or population is exposed
or at risk to a specific geological hazard.

Answer 3

Susceptibility map

Question 4

It is a geochemical classification which
groups the chemical elements according
to their preferred host phases (i.e.,
lithophile-silicate loving; siderophile-iron loving; chalcophile- sulfur loving;
and atmophile- gas loving).

Answer 4

Goldschmidt Classification

Question 5

True or False: An electronegativity
difference of lesser than 1.68 indicates
that the chemical bonding undergone by
a mineral or compound is dominantly
covalent.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

It is a mantle convection model that
contends that there exists two largely
disconnected convective layers i.e., a
dynamic upper layer driven by
descending slabs of cold oceanic
lithosphere and a sluggish lower layer
that carries heat upward without
appreciably mixing with the layer above.

Answer 6

Layer cake model

Question 7

Continental crusts have an average
silica concentration of ______________
ppm

Answer 7

650,000 ppm

Question 8

It is a statement that a high probability
of a hazardous event is imminent based
on a forecast.

Answer 8

Warning

Question 9

It is a line Bureau of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources which is
responsible for the rational administration and
disposition of mineral lands and resources,
development of mining, geological,
metallurgical, chemical and related
technologies thru basic and applied
researches, and inventory of mineral resources.
This agency conducts studies related to rain-induced landslide, flooding, ground
subsidence, and coastal hazards

Answer 9

Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB)

Question 10

It is an aspect of vulnerability that
refers to the ability of a population to
cope and/or prepare to the impacts of a
particular hazard

Answer 10

Adaptive capacity

Question 11

What are five most common geological
hazards in the Philippines?

Answer 11

Tsunami, mass wasting, volcanic eruption, earthquake, flood

Question 12

What does the acronym PAGASA and
PHIVOLCS stand for, respectively?

Answer 12

PAGASA - Philippines Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute if Volcanology and Seismology

Question 13

Idealized cross-section of an ophiolite sequence

Answer 13

Layer 1 - deposited sediments
Layer 2A- Pillow basalt
Layer 2B - Sheeted dikes
Layer 3 - Gabbro
Layer 4 - Ultramafic / Peridotite

Question 14

These are zones of earthquake hypocenters
where there is a planar zone of seismicity which
is inferred to correspond with the down-going
slab in a subduction zone.

Answer 14

Benioff-Wadati zone

Question 15

How long was the ground rupture that
manifested during the Luzon 1990 magnitude
7.8 earthquake? The ground rupture
transected from Dingalan, Aurora to Kayapa,
Nueva Vlzcaya as a result of strike-slip
movements along the NW segment of the
Philippine Fault Zone and its splay, the Digdig
Fault

Answer 15

125 km

Question 16

True or False: Deformation involves dilation
and distortion

Answer 16

true

Question 17

These are surface waves that move the
ground from side to side in a horizontal plane
but at right angles to the direction of
propagation

Answer 17

love waves

Question 18

Give at least two difference between
conventional and alternative geophysical
methods to study earthquakes and/or map
faults

Answer 18

Conventional - intrusive, specific
alternative - non-intrusive, covers wide area

Question 19

It is the approximate maximum depth to
which earthquakes can occur

Answer 19

680-700 km

Question 20

Low-rise buildings have __________________
period compared to high-rise buildings

Answer 20

Shorter

Question 21

It is a phenomenon where sand/silt-rich
strata behave in a fluid-like manner in response
to strong ground shaking.

Answer 21

Liquefaction

Question 22

Strong earthquakes have magnitudes
ranging from ________ to __________

Answer 22

6.0-6.9

Question 23

It is a branch of seismology concerned with
the offsets in sedimentary strata proximal to
fault zones to determine probable recurrence
intervals of major earthquakes prior to
historical records

Answer 23

Paleoseismology

Question 24

It refers to the remaining country rock
material at the site of melting. It usually occurs
during the production of granite and is
composed predominantly of mafic minerals.

Answer 24

Residue

Question 25

What is the average silica concentration of magmas expelled from active volcanoes in the Philippines?

Answer 25

55% - 65%, andesitic

Question 26

True or False: Basaltic lavas that solidify at near-surface conditions may produce vesicle-bearing to scoriaceous textures

Answer 26

True

Question 27

It is a pyroclastic material composed of 45% lithic lapilli, 20% lithic ash, and 30% vitric bombs

Answer 27

tuff breccia

Question 28

What are the two subprocesses of magmatic assimilation process

Answer 28

stoping and shouldering

Question 29

True or False: Andesitic magmas that generate more evolved granitic magmas are considered primary magmas

Answer 29

false

Question 30

What are the factors that influence the degree of explosiveness of a volcano?

Answer 30

gas content, silica content, viscosity

Question 31

The Mt. Pinatubo eruption triggered up to a __________ degrees Celsius drop in global temperature

Answer 31

0.25 - Pinatubo 3.0 - Tambora

Question 32

It is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It is classified based on the volume of erupted tephra

Answer 32

Volcanic Explosivity Index

Question 33

What type of volcanic hazard caused majority of the casualties following the eruption of the Mt. Krakatau in Indonesia?

Answer 33

Tsunami

Question 34

True or False: Tsunamis have shorter wavelengths compared to wind-generated waves due to their high wave velocity.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

When did the Mw 8.1 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami occurred? What specific tectonic feature generated the earthquake?

Answer 35

August 17, 1976

Question 36

It is a phenomenon where the apex of a tsunami wave reaches the coast first

Answer 36

Run-up

Question 37

Calculate the wave base and wave amplitude if (1) the total distance between three consecutive wave crests is 300 meters and (2) average distance between succeeding wave crests and troughs is 30 meters

Answer 37

wave base = total distance between three consecutive wave crests/2 = 300/2 = 150 wave amplitude = average distance between succeeding wave crests and troughs/2 = 30/2 = 15

Question 38

It is a Japanese-derived term which literally means “harbor wave”

Answer 38

Tsunami

Question 39

True or False: Tsunamis achieve their highest velocity and wave height along ocean basins and near coastlines, respectively

Answer 39

True

Question 40

True or False: Ophiolite obduction may have triggered tsunami events

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Enumerate at least four (4) processes that can trigger a tsunami

Answer 41

underwater explosion, volcanic eruption, earthquake, meteorite impact, underwater landslide

Question 42

The December 24, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami was triggered by what magnitude earthquake along the oceanic trench off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia

Answer 42

9.1

Question 43

What triggered the March 27, 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska?

Answer 43

drop down of deposited sediments

Question 44

What GIS tool allows the extraction of specific elevation values for tsunami inundation modelling?

Answer 44

raster calculator

Question 45

These are coalesced dolines.

Answer 45

Uvala

Question 46

It is the slowest type of mass movement

Answer 46

creep

Question 47

These are materials that are still in place and adjacent to the highest parts of the main scarp.

Answer 47

crown

Question 48

It is a process involving the detachment of soil or rock from a steep slope and the more or less free and extremely rapid descent of the material

Answer 48

fall

Question 49

It is defined as the lowering of the land surface due to sinkhole development

Answer 49

subsidence sinkhole

Question 50

What are the two types of slides?

Answer 50

rotational landslide translational landslide

Question 51

What is the difference between mass wasting and erosion?

Answer 51

Mass wasting is under erosion

Question 52

Landslides are what specific type of mass movement?

Answer 52

slump

Question 53

These are weathered in-situ hillslope materials

Answer 53

regolith

Question 54

These are commonly used to anchor loose rocks to more massive, solid bodies of rock; applicable on areas that have highly fractured rocks are exposed on steep slopes and where weakness planes are inclined in the same direction as the slope

Answer 54

rock bolts

Question 55

When did the Cherry Hills Landslide occurred?

Answer 55

August 1-3, 1999

Question 56

What are the ions produced during the interaction of calcite and carbonic acid?

Answer 56

Ca^+2 + 2HCO3^-2

Question 57

It is the part of a landslide that marks the farthest point that the slid mass has reached.

Answer 57

tip

Question 58

What are the specific mass movement types that occurred during the Guinsaugon Landslide in 2006?

Answer 58

complex slide (rockslide - debris avalanche)

Question 59

The likelihood of ground subsidence in areas to be developed that are underlain by highly fragmented limestone can be reduced/mitigated by what means?

Answer 59

Grouting

Question 60

It is a term referring to stream-sink or point/s at which a stream disappears underground. These features are typical in karstic areas.

Answer 60

Ponor

Question 61

It is an institutional planning tool developed by Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) through Administrative Order No. 28, series of 2000 (DENR AO 2000- 28) on March 2000 to safeguard development projects from the hazards caused by geological phenomena.

Answer 61

Engineering Geological and Geohazard Assessment (EGGA)

Question 62

It is the part of a landslide that has formed in the lower boundary of the displaced material below the original ground surface.

Answer 62

Zone of separation

Question 63

What is the range of slope values for gently sloping to undulating topography, based on DENR’s slope classification category?

Answer 63

3-8

Question 64

These features form in an analogous manner to subjacent karst-collapse dolines, with a blanket of superficial deposits or thick soil being washed or falling into widened joints and solution pipes in the limestone beneath.

Answer 64

Suffossion dolines

Question 65

True or False: In the context of triggering mass wasting events, frictional resistance and slope have an inverse correlation

Answer 65

True

Question 66

True or False: The factor of safety is the ratio of the allowable stress to the actual stress: A factor of safety of 1 represents that the stress is at the allowable limit. A factor of safety of less than 1 represents likely failure. A factor of safety of greater than 1 represents how much the stress is within the allowable limit.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

What is the difference between a high vs. very high landslide susceptible area?

Answer 67

High - old/inactive landslide very high - recent/active landslide

Question 68

What GIS tool is used to delineate concave, convex, and flat areas?

Answer 68

Curvature

Question 69

How does pore pressure influence ground subsidence? What are the processes that may alter the subsurface pore pressure?

Answer 69

Right amount of pore pressure is needed, too much fracture; not enough subsidence is likely to occur