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GEOHAZARD > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Areas with numerous old/inactive landslides and/or possess steep to very steep slopes that are underlain by weak materials can be classified as having what level of landslide susceptibility, based on DENR-MGB’s parameters?

A

High

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2
Q

Slumps are characterised ff features

A

Transverse cracks
Back tilting if slope faces
Irregular linear clearances along the slope

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3
Q

Arrange the ff volcanic islands of the Hawaiian Emperor Seamount chain based on increasing age

A

Hawaii-Maui-Molokai-Oahu-Kauai

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4
Q

What is the average concentration of silica in ultramafic magma?

A

<450,000 ppm

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5
Q

When did the landslide incident in Saint Bernard Vill. in Guinsaugon, Leyte occured?

A

February 17, 2006

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6
Q

It is a requirement by MGB to land developers that entails the conduct of detailed evaluation of the existing and potential natural hazards, their impacts, and the subsequent ways to mitigate them:

A

Engineering Geological and Geohazard Assessment

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6
Q

It is consolidated volcaniclastic ejecta composed of 60% lapilli, 7% blocks, and 25% ash

A
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7
Q

The maximum stress along normal faults is

A

vertical downward

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8
Q

These are equilibrium systems that allow free exchange of matter and energy. Fluvial, hillslopes, coastal, tectonic, and volcanic systems where geohazards occur are considered to belong to this type of classification

A

Open system

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9
Q

Under the heavy rainfall warning system of PAGASA, a ____________ rainfall advisory is raised when the expected precipitation is between 7.5 to 15 mm within one hour and likely to continue

A
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10
Q

Calculate the distance between two consecutive tsunami wave crests if he maximum depth at which the wave’s passage causes significant water motion is 50 meters below sea level

A

100 meters

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11
Q

It is a downslope movement involving forward rotation out of the slope of a mass soil or rock about point below the center of gravity of the displaced mass. This phenomenon usually occurs with rock fall.

A
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12
Q

It is the maximum angle that unconsolidated earth materials from hillslopes can assume to maintain equilibrium

A

Angle of repose

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13
Q

The area of the landslide within which the displaced material lies above the original ground is called

A

Zone of accumulation

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14
Q

This refers to a steep surface on the undisturbed ground at the upper edge of the landslide, caused by movement of the displaced material away from the undisturbed ground. It is the visible part of the surface of rupture

A
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15
Q

What is the average density of the oceanic crust?

A

2.9 g/cm^3 to 3.1 g/cm^3

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16
Q

It is a concept that states that when earth materials are subjected to stress, not exceeding the material’s elastic limit, they tend to go back to their original position when the external stress is removed

A

Elastic rebound theory

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17
Q

These are the most abundant silicate mineral group

A

Plagioclase

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18
Q

It is a classification scheme that groups chemical elements according to their preferred host phases

A

Goldschmidt Classification

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19
Q

It is a phenomenon were the trough of the tsunami wave reaches the coast first instead of the wave crest

A

Drawdown

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20
Q

It is a magmatic evolution process involving the melting and subsequent incorporation of the country rocks into the upwelling magma body.

A

Assimilation

21
Q

How many major lithospheric plates (i.e., >40,000 km^2) does Earth have?

A
22
Q

These are cone-shaped volcanoes with steep slopes consisting of alternating layers of pyroclastic material and lava flows

A

Composite volcanoes

23
Q

It is the alternate term for left-lateral strike-slip faults

A

Sinistral

24
Q

How many active volcanoes does Philippines has?

A

24

25
Q

Active volcanoes have manifestations or evidences of eruption and/or volcanic activity for the past _______ years

A
26
Q

It is the easternmost active volcano in the Philippines

A
27
Q

Give an example of an active volcano that has formed in response to the Eurasian Plate beneath from the Philippine Mobile Belt

A

Taal Volcano

28
Q

It is a pyroclastic flow characterized by an incandescent cloud of gas, ash, and rock fragments that are ejected from the volcanic edifice. it is a French term that means “glowing cloud”

A
29
Q

These are consolidated pyroclastic debris that are dominated by >75% bombs

A

Agglomerate

30
Q

A volcaniclastic rock containing 60% crystal lapilli and 40% lithic blocks can be termed as _________

A
31
Q

It is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions based on the volume of erupted tephra. This scheme was developed by Dr. Chris Newhall

A

Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)

32
Q

It is Hawaiian term refers to a lava floe that is characterized as having a rough surface composed of disintegrated lava blocks called clinkers

A

Aa

33
Q

An alert level ______ is issued of there is low to moderate level of seismic activity, intermittent crater glow, and increasing flux of sulfur dioxide

A

2

34
Q

The North Bohol Fault is former _______ fault that has no apparent manifestations and significant seismic activity prior the magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 2013

A

Blind

35
Q

These are seismic waves that can pass through solids and liquids

A

Primary waves

36
Q

Shallow earthquakes are those that have hypocenters originating up to a depth of ___________

A

10 km

37
Q

It is a point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

37
Q

It is a zone of molten material beneath a volcano where accumulates at a considerable depth

A

Magma Chamber

38
Q

It is a phenomenon where weaker earth materials begin to vibrate at the same frequency as that of the seismic waves

A

Resonance

39
Q

Give one (1) indicator that may be used to predict/forecast volcanic eruptions

A

Seismic gaps

40
Q

The _________ of a landslide is the highest point of contact between the displaces material and the main scarp

A

Top

41
Q

True or False. There is an inverse relationship between building height and natural vibration frequency

A

True

42
Q

Earth ___________ occurs when the natural vibration frequency of the building matches that of the seismic waves

A

Resonance

43
Q

True or False. Low rise buildings have shorted periods compared to high rise buildings

A

True

44
Q

____________ are the paper record of the detected seismic waves

A

Seismograms

45
Q

Rocks that have undergone _______ deformation can snap back their original shape prior deformation

A
46
Q

_________ refers to the potential loss of life, injury, and/or damaged assets/property which could occur to a system in a specific period of time. It is the function of the probability of a geological hazard to happen and the expected consequences if the hazard occurs

A

Risk

47
Q

Tsunamis encounter ______ frictional resistance as it nears the coastline and thus, assumes greater wave heights that can inundate low-lying areas

A

Greater

48
Q

True or False. The location, magnitude, and type of displacement are the controlling factors of tsunami accurrence

A

True

49
Q

________ and magma mixing are synonymous terms that refer to incorporation of overlying country rocks to the upwelling magma body

A

Assimilation

GEOHAZARD (3 decks)

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